Republic vs. Empire (ss29)

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Republic vs. Empire (ss29)
Roman Kingdom753 BC 510 BCRoman Republic510
BC 27 BCRoman Empire27 BC AD 476
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Julius Caesar and the First Triumvirate

• Three dudes (note the prefix Tri)
• Pompey (a general) came back to Rome In 62 B.C.E.
  The senate feared he would want total power.
• Crassus, a politician with support of farmers.
  didnt like Pompey
• Gaius Julius Caesar. (an officer and landowner)
• Caesar took advantage of the two enemies'
  dissatisfaction to bring them into an informal
  alliance known as the First Triumvirate.
• The three triumvirs would be able to dominate
  Roman politics because of their collective
  influence the first step was Caesar's election
  to the consulship for 59 B.C.E.

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Julius Caesar and the First Triumvirate

• After 59 B.C.E. each of the triumvirs distrusted
  each other it was very soap-opera-like.
• Caesar was super popular, and in order to not
  make the others jealous, agreed to stay outside
  of Rome.
• He fought a war in Gaul very successfully (
  popularity)
• Pompey grew so scared of Caesars influence that
  he ordered Caesar to give up his army and resign.
• Caesar, instead, crossed the Rubicon River with
  his army, essentially invading Rome in 49 B.C.E.
  He defeats Pompey in the first Roman Civil War
• He ruled as Emperor until 44 B.C.E.

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2nd Triumvirate

• A group of senators, led by Caesar's former
  friend Marcus Junius Brutus, assassinated the
  dictator on the Ides of March (March 15) in 44
  BC, hoping to restore the normal running of the
  Republic..
• After Caesars death
• 2nd Triumvirate Octavius, Lepidus, Mark Antony
• the result was another Roman civil war, which
  ultimately led to the establishment of a
  permanent autocracy by Caesar's adopted heir,
  Octavius