Energy in the Mediterranean, Situation and Perspectives

1
Energy in the Mediterranean, Situation and
Perspectives

• ENERPRESSE 2008 Nice
• Roberto VIGOTTI
• Observatoire Méditerranéen de lEnergie

2
The Mediterranean Contrasts and Differences
Population Growth Population million inhabitants
Economic Growth GDP in billions of USD (2000)
3
The Mediterranean Contrasts and Differences

• Southern countries
• Sustained growth of population (2.3 per year
  over 1971-2005)
• Developing countries (GDP between 1,186 and
  9,600 per capita)
• Urbanisation and concentration on the
  Mediterranean coast
• Countries that export energy and countries that
  import energy
• Northern countries
• Industrialised countries, energy importers
• High level of energy consumption
• Economic and social needs are met overall
  (average GDP in excess of 20,000 euros per
  inhabitant)
• The EU is the main economic partner for the
  Southern countries

4
Current energy situation in the Mediterranean

• Geographical imbalance of consumption
• North 2/3 of total consumption
• Consumption per inhabitant 3.2 toe in the North
  vs. 1 toe in the South
• Preponderance of fossil energies
• 75 of requirements in the Northern countries
• 95 of requirements in the Southern countries
• Consumption breakdown for 2006

5
Primary Energy Demand
Primary Energy Demand
(Million of toe)
6
Electricity Demand
Electricity Demand (TWh)
7
Oil and Gas Reserves
Sources BP Statistical Review CEDIGAZ
8
Installed Capacity and Power Production
2006
9
International Gas Infrastructures
10
Electrical Interconnections
11
Renewable Energies in the Mediterranean

• Significant development potential
• The Southern countries benefit from substantial
  renewable energy resources, in particular where
  solar and wind energy are concerned
• The sun shines between 2650 and 3400 hours per
  year, and the average exposure to radiation
  varies between 1300 kWh/m²/year in the coastal
  areas and 3200 kWh/m²/year in the South and the
  desert areas
• The speed of wind varies between 6 and 11 m/sec
  in this region of the World. The electric
  potential is therefore significant (20 000 MW in
  Egypt, 6 000 MW in Morocco, 12 000 MW in Turkey)
• However, this potential is poorly utilised in
  this area. The development of such sources of
  energy is still held back by institutional,
  regulatory, financial and other issues

12
Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation

• Supply security versus Market security
• Long-term partnerships based on cross interests
• Global outlook, from the development of
  resources to consumption markets
• Securing both supply and outlet markets
• Optimising energy flows
• Mediterranean refineries
• Diesel / Gasoline Reduce double dependency
• Electricity Accessible to everyone
• Interconnection networks
• Electric power plants with partnerships using
  mixed companies
• Some plants would be combined with the
  desalination of seawater

13
Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation

• Promote sustainable development
• Integrated solar project for electricity in rural
  areas
• Local manufacture of solar panels, captors and
  equipment etc.
• MENA regional carbon funds to finance CDM
  projects and reduce greenhouse gas
• Finance local energy projects
• Training and Research Development
• Training institutes with renewable and nuclear
  energy programmes
• Applied research programmes
• Solidarity, Equilibrium and Complementarities