Diabetes and Heart Disease

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation
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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What is Diabetes Mellitus?
• Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease in
  which your body doesnt make or respond properly
  to insulin
• Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas
• Insulin is used to convert sugar, starches and
  other foods to energy
• If you have diabetes, your blood glucose or
  sugar levels are too high

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What is Diabetes Mellitus?
• Diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting blood
  glucose of 126 mg/dL or more measured on 2
  occasions
• Type I - appears at younger ages
• The pancreas stops making insulin
• Without insulin shots the patient wont survive
  
  

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What is Diabetes Mellitus?
• Type II - Adult-onset appears in middle-aged
  adults
• Develops when the body doesnt make enough
  insulin
• doesnt efficiently use the insulin it makes
  (Insulin resistance)

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• High levels of blood glucose may cause
• Hunger
• Extreme thirst
• Frequent urination
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurry vision

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• How dangerous is Diabetes?
• Diabetes kills 60,00 Americans each year
• 190,000 die from diabetic complications/yr
• Diabetics are 2 to 4 X more likely to have a
  heart attack or stroke
• Higher risk of congestive heart failure
• Heart disease tends to be more severe

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• How dangerous is Diabetes?
• Diabetes causes nerve damage in the heart which
  can make a heart attack painless or silent
• Heart attacks are more likely to be fatal in
  diabetics
• Diabetes increases LDL bad cholesterol
• Diabetes lowers HDL good cholesterol

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• How dangerous is Diabetes?
• Diabetes causes
• Blindness
• Kidney disease often requiring dialysis
• nerve disease
• limb amputation

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Diabetes and eye conditions
• Frequent complication in both Type I and II
• Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of
  blindness
• Abnormality of small blood vessels in the retina
• Blood vessels weaken and leak blood
• Glaucoma and cataracts are more common in diabetes

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Diabetes and eye conditions
• What Should Diabetic patients do?
• See their eye doctor at least once a year
• Keep their blood sugars as close to normal as
  possible
• Tight sugar control can reduce the risk of eye
  damage by 76
• Quit smoking

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Diabetes and Kidney Disease
• Kidney disease and failure (end-stage-renal
  disease) is a frequent complication of diabetes
• May take years to develop
• Tiny blood vessels in the kidney act as filters
  to remove wastes, chemicals and excess water from
  the blood

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Diabetes and Kidney Disease
• These blood vessels are damaged in diabetes
• become leaky and protein spills into the urine
• When the entire filtration system breaks down,
  the kidneys fail to function
• Dialysis or kidney transplant is required to live

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Diabetes and Heart Disease
Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Diabetes and Kidney Disease
• What should diabetic patients do?
• Keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as
  possible
• Tight control can reduce the risk of kidney
  damage by 35-56
• ACE-inhibitors (blood pressure medicine) can
  reduce the progression of diabetic kidney disease