Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

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Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
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GLOBAL PROJECTIONS FOR THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH
DIABETES (20-79 AGE GROUP), 2007 and 2025
(MILLIONS)
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THE WORLD AT A GLANCE
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WORLD POPULATION (20-79 AGE GROUP) BY REGION,
2007 AND 2025
Millions
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PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF DIABETES, 2007
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PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF DIABETES, 2025
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PREVALENCE OF DIABETES (20-79 AGE GROUP) BY
REGION, 2007 AND 2025
Comparative prevalence ()
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES (20-79 AGE GROUP)
BY REGION, 2007 AND 2025
Millions
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES IN AGE GROUPS BY
REGION, 2007
Millions
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES BY AGE GROUP, 2007
AND 2025
Millions
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DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
AMONG SELECTED ETHNIC GROUPS, 2007
Asian Indian
Arab
Hispanic
Chinese
African
Oceania
Prevalence ()
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TOP 10 PREVALENCE OF DIABETES (20-79 AGE GROUP),
2007 (WITH 2025 PREVALENCE)
Comparative prevalence ()
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PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF IMPAIRED GLUCOSE
TOLERANCE, 2007
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PREVALENCE ESTIMATES OF IMPAIRED GLUCOSE
TOLERANCE, 2025
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PREVALENCE OF IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (20-79
AGE GROUP) BY REGION, 2007 AND 2025
Comparative prevalence ()
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
(20-79 AGE GROUP) BY REGION, 2007 AND 2025
Millions
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND IMPAIRED
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (20-79 AGE GROUP) BY REGION,
2007 AND 2025
Millions
Diabetes IGT
AFR EMME EUR NA
SACA SEA WP
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
BY AGE GROUP, 2007 AND 2025
Millions
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TOP 10 PREVALENCE OF IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
(20-79 AGE GROUP), 2007 (WITH 2025 PREVALENCE)
Comparative prevalence ()
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Diabetic Complications
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THE MAJOR DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS
Brain and cerebral circulation (cerebrovascular
disease)
Eyes (retinopathy)
Heart and coronary circulation (coronary heart
disease)
Kidney (nephropathy)
Peripheral nervous system (neuropathy)
Lower limbs (peripheral vascular disease)
Diabetic foot (ulceration and amputation)
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HEART ATTACKS IN PEOPLE WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES
OVER A PERIOD OF SEVEN YEARS
Incidence ()
Adapted from Haffner et al, N Engl J Med, 1998
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NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES ENTERING THE
AUSTRALIAN DIALYSIS REGISTER 1980-2004
People with diabetes (n)
Year of entry
Source Disney A. Australia and New Zealand
transplant registry, 2002
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Diabetes in the Young
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TYPE 1 DIABETES (0-14 YEARS) AT A GLANCE
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ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PREVALENT CASES OF TYPE 1
DIABETES IN CHILDREN (0-14 AGE GROUP) BY REGION
Thousands
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TOP 10 INCIDENCE RATE FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES IN
CHILDREN (0-14 AGE GROUP)
Incidence rate per 100,000 per year
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INCIDENCE RATES OF TYPE 1 DIABETES WITH ONSET IN
THE AGE RANGE 0-29 YEARS IN 1996-1997 FOR THREE
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Incidence rate per 100,000
Age groups
Source Green et al, 2001 and Kyvik et al, 2004
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INCIDENCE RATES OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN,
0-14 YEARS (CASES PER 100,000 POPULATION PER
YEAR)
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ANNUAL INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG JAPANESE SCHOOL
CHILDREN
Incidence of type 2 diabetes per 100,000
population per year
Obesity ()
8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0
Type 2 diabetes Obesity
Source Kitagawa et al, Clin Pediatr, 1998
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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DIABETES BEGETS DIABETES
Child Obesity
PGDM
IGT impaired glucose tolerance PGDM
pre-gestational diabetes mellitus
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INCREASING INCIDENCE OF GDM IN NORTHEN
CALIFORNIA, USA, 1991-2000
Incidence ()
Adapted from Ferrara et al, Obstet Gynecol, 2004
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Mortality
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NUMBER OF DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIABETES (20-79
AGE GROUP) BY REGION, 2007
Thousands
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DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIABETES AS PERCENTAGE OF
ALL DEATHS (20-79 AGE GROUP) BY REGION, 2007
Percentage of all deaths ()
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DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIABETES AS PERCENTAGE OF
ALL DEATHS IN THE TOP 10 COUNTRIES FOR DIABETES
PREVALENCE (20-79 AGE GROUP), 2007
Percentage of all deaths ()
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DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIABETES AS PERCENTAGE OF
ALL DEATHS IN MALES (20-79 AGE GROUP), 2007
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DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIABETES AS PERCENTAGE OF
ALL DEATHS IN FEMALES (20-79 AGE GROUP), 2007
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Economic Impacts
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Health expenditures for diabetes in 2007 (usd) by
region, Assuming r2
Millions (USD)
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ANNUAL Health expenditures for diabetes (id) vs
persons with diabetes in the 25 countries with
the largest numbers of persons with diabetes in
2007
Billions of ID and millions of people with
diabetes
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PROJECTED FOREGONE NATIONAL INCOME DUE TO HEART
DISEASE, STROKE AND DIABETES IN SELECTED
COUNTRIES, 20052015
Billions (ID)
Source WHO, 2005
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MEAN HEALTH EXPENDITURE PER PERSON WITH DIABETES
(USD), R2, 2007
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Access to Insulin
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Average purchasing prices per vial of 100 IU
insulin (USD) in Mali, Mozambique and Zambia
Average purchasing price (USD)
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Differences in calculated average life
expectancies for people with insulin-requiring
diabetes from different areas of Mali, Mozambique
and Zambia
Life expectancy (years) 0-14 years
Life expectancy (years) 15 years
It was not possible to estimate regional
differences in life expectancy in Mali because
people with diabetes commonly travelled to the
capital city for treatment.
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Diabetes and Anti-Psychotic Medicine
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PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS IMPLICATED IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH PSYCHOTIC CONDITIONS
PSYCHOSES Suboptimal lifestyle poor diet, lack
of exercise, smoking Use of antipsychotic
medication
INCREASED RISK
DIABETES
OBESITY
INCREASED RISK
Cardiovascular disease Ischaemic heart
disease Cardiac failure Myocardial
infraction Stroke
Diabetic microvascular complications
HYPERTENSION
INCREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
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ADA CONSENSUS MONITORING PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS
INITIATING ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION
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Metabolic Syndrome
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GUIDE TO MEASURING WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Inferior margin of the ribs
Waist
Anterior superior iliac crest
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Prevention
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Cumulative incidence of diabetes () in the
Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme
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KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL PLOTS FOR TOTAL
CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY
Survival probability
Simulated years
Source McEwan et al, The WHO Report, 2002
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Insulin
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INSULIN PRODUCTION AND ACTION
Raises Blood Sugar
High Blood Sugar
Promotes insulin release
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen Glucagon
Liver Glycogen Glucose
Stimulates formation of glycogen
Pancreas
Insulin
Stimulates glucose uptake from blood
Tissue Cells (muscle, brain, fat, etc)
Promotes glucagon release
Lowers Blood Sugar
Low Blood Sugar