73 Covalent Bonding

1
7-3Covalent Bonding

• Sharing of valence electrons between 2
  non-metals. This also includes hydrogen.
• Neither atom loses electrons easily so atoms will
  share their electrons

2
Nature of the Bond

• Atoms nuclei attracts electrons
• Shared electrons spend time circling both atoms
  so both atoms get 8 electrons
• Or a full outer valence level
• http//bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp02
  /02020.html

3
Electron Dot DiagramLewis-dot

• Represented by an electron dot diagram.
• An electron dot diagram represents a covalent
  bond
• Chemical symbol represents the nuclei
• Dots represent valence electrons

4
(No Transcript)
5
Diatomic Molecules-

• Molecules that are always found in nature sharing
  electrons with themselves
• H , Cl, O, F, Br, I, N
• Form the molecules H2 Cl2 O2 F2 Br2 I2
  N2

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Molecules

• Covalent bonds form molecules
• Smallest unit that has the same properties of
  that substance

9

• Carbon dioxide double covalent bond between
  carbon and oxygen, giving each element an octet
• Oxygen gas double covalent bond between oxygen
  atoms, giving each an octet

..
..
..
..
10
Network solids

• Network solids can be formed from covalent
  bonding.
• All atoms in the same solid share all of the
  valence electrons
• Very high melting point

11
Polyatomic Ions

• group of covalently bonded atoms
• that behave as a single atom in either
• giving up or taking on electrons. They usually
  form ionic bonds with other elements.