Nutrients from Food

1
Nutrients from Food
2
General information

• Persons eat 4-7 kg of food/week
• food anything you eat that contains nutrients
• nutrition study of nutrients and how the body
  uses them

3
Six classes of nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Water
• Minerals
• Vitamins

4
Carbohydrates

• Main source of energy
• Three types
• simple (sugar)- used for fast energy
• complex (starches) - chains of 1000s SS
• Fiber - needed to move food through digestive
  tract
• found in stems/roots (bread, potato, pasta)

5
Fats

• Energy Storage - for slow release of energy
• 9 cal/g of fat (4 cal/g of protein
  carbohydrate)
• builds cell membranes
• Two categories
• saturated (solid at room temp) - animal sources
• unsaturated (liquid at room temp)- plant sources

6
Proteins

• Use for growth and repair
• Made of 20 different amino acids. (8 of which
  you need to get from food - the others you can
  make from the 8)

7
Water

• 60 to 75 of body is water - essential for all
  functions.
• Cools body and carries materials
• You lose 2.5 liter/day therefore you should be
  drinking 8 glasses of water/day

8
Minerals

• Building materials in the body
• bones/teeth - Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P)
• blood - Iron (Fe)
• kidney function - Sodium (Na)
• Nerve function - Potassium (K)
• CO2 transport healing - Zinc (Zn)

9
Vitamins

• Substances your body needs in small amounts to
  promote growth.
• Two types
• Water soluble (so your body cant store these) B
  C
• Fat soluble (so your body stores these) A, D, E, K

10
Calories

• A unit of energy measurement
• How much energy is required to raise 1 g of water
  1 degree celsius
• A food calorie 1 kilocalories

11
Digestion

• Mouth
• ingest food
• physical digestion (tongue teeth)
• chemical digestion of carbohydrates via salivary
  amylase

12
(No Transcript)
13
Digestive System
14
Digestion

• Esophagus
• a tube that carries food down to the stomach
• food lubricated by saliva
• uses peristaltic movement

15
Digestion

• Step 3 - Stomach
• physical digesting with muscular stomach churning
• chemical digestion with gastric juice (ph2) to
  digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats

16
Stomach
17
(No Transcript)
18
Digestion

• Step 4 - Small intestine - final digestion
  absorption
• chemical digestion of fats by bile
• bile made in liver stored by gall bladder
• chemical digestion of proteins and carbohydrates
  by the pancreatic enzymes
• food absorbed by villi

19
Digestion

• Step 5 - large intestine - absorbs water
• Step 6 - rectum (storage of waste
• Step 7 - anus - exit for waste via sphincter
  (circular muscle)

20
(No Transcript)