Existing Facility Profiling

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Existing Facility Profiling Assessment
CANDO Presentation November 16, 2005 1005 am
to 1055 am
Making buildings work. Better.

• Don Davenport, P.E. Exec. VP
• E M C Engineers, Inc.

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Poor Building Performance

• Unfortunately, most buildings are performing
  well below their potential.
• Why is this?
• How can we address this?
• Why address it?

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Where does Our Energy Go?

• Transportation 27 in 1997 and 2004
• Industrial 38 in 1997, 33 in 2004
• Buildings 36 in 1997, 40 in 2004
• In Buildings - Approximately half in
  Residential and half in Commercial
• Electrical Capacity 70 to Buildings

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Why Commission Anything?

• An LBNL study of 60 buildings of different types
  showed that
• Over 50 had control problems
• 40 had HVAC equipment problems
• 15 had missing equipment
• 25 had BAS with economizers, VFDs, and advanced
  applications that were simply not operating
  correctly.

Source Assoc. of State Energy Research
Technology Internships and US Department of
Energy
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Quick Fix Solutions

• Maintenance staff try to correct problems after
  the fact, while building is occupied
• Staff receives little or no training in the
  integrated systems in the building
• Poor documentation
• Makeshift solutions can lead to unintended
  consequences
• Can cause invisible and costly results in
  building performance

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Have you experienced these??

• Complaints about being too hot or too cold??
• Air quality complaints or concerns??
• Building systems not cooling adequately??
• Constant call backs to Service Contractors for
  issues??
• Systems doing the opposite of what you would
  otherwise expect??
• Lights on at night or lights on when daylighting
  would indicate they should be off??
• High energy bills??

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Benchmarking

• Building Based
• Annual Utility Consumption from Billing
• Calculate EUI (energy use per SF)
• Compare to databases available SIC, NAICS,
  CalArch, EIA, Energy Star, others
• Use EUI to identify savings potential and best
  candidate opportunities
• Understand any unique differences in your
  building systems or equipment as compared to
  buildings in the database

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Benchmarking Example
Utility Consumption Data
Energy Use Index (SF)
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Example Benchmark Energy Use Index
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Benchmark Example Benchmark Against Database
CAL-ARCH DATABASE Your whole building EUI is 127
kBtu/ft2-yr, which is higher than 92 of
comparison buildings shown.
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Benchmark Example Electrical Demand History
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Benchmark Example Natural Gas History
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Benchmark Example Normalize Against Weather Data
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Investigation Building Operations

• What is the equipment actually doing?
• Validate the direct digital control (DDC) system
• Trend system points
• Document conditions
• Identify changes to setpoints, schedules,
  sequences and cost/benefits

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Evaluate Trend Data
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Evaluate Trend Data
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Evaluate Trend Data
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Evaluate Trend Data
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Example - System Operations
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Example - System Operations
Problem Closed fire damper in RA path
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Track Monthly Energy Use
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Track System Level Metrics Simultaneous Heating
and Cooling
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Top 10 Opportunities Found

• 10. Reduce reheat for dehumidification/optimize
  controls
• 9. Reset supply air static pressure setpoints
• 8. Terminal unit tune-ups dampers valves
• 7. Return VFDs to variable speed operation
• 6. Improve clg. tower sequencing/lower cond.
  wtr. temps
• 5. Improve chiller sequencing
• 4. Ensure proper ventilation airflow rate
• 3. Optimize/restore economizer operation
• 2. Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling
• 1. Turn off equipment when not needed
  (Scheduled S/S)

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Top 5 Gas Opportunities

• 5. Improve boiler efficiency (tune-up or
  replace)
• 4. Implement aggressive air and water
  temperature reset strategies (HWS vs OA, MAT vs
  RAT, night setbacks, space temperatures)
• 3. Tune-up terminal units to eliminate
  simultaneous heating and cooling (valve leakage)
• 2. Optimum start/stop vs. scheduled start/stop
  (close OSA!! let Building coast to end of
  day)
• 1. Turn off heating plant when not needed
  (Scheduled S/S)

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Heating Water Plant - Example

• If occupied, enable 60F outdoor temp
• If all AHU are off, enable at 50F
• Reduce heating plant runtime
• less energy
• less maintenance
• Close the hot water valves!
• Coil radiative losses can be extensive
• Compromise with regards to freeze protection to
  maintain minimum MAT

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Energy Analysis Tool - Spreadsheets

• Spreadsheet based
• Simpler EEMs
• Non interactive EEMs
• Calibrate to available measured data
• Ease of use
• Easier to debug and troubleshoot
• Limited in ability to handle complex utility
  rates or schedules

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Energy Analysis Tools - Simulations

• Hourly Simulation Models
• EQuest, Trace 700, Energy Plus, others
• Complex energy savings measures
• Handle interactive measures
• Require advanced engineering knowledge
• Quirks and nuances abound difficult to debug
• Typically 2 to 3 times effort of spreadsheets
• Good for multiple alternative assessments

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Energy Analysis Tools

• Simulation Models
• Tend to over-predict savings
• Difficult to reconfigure geometry sometimes
• Only means to handle multiple measures
• Difficult to model poor buildings
• Spreadsheets
• Good for individual measure assessments
• Everything seen no hidden algorithms
• Easy to modify for specific situations

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Key to Implementation

• Clear and easy to understand results
• Back up findings and recommendations with REAL
  DATA!!!
• Show the economics of lost opportunities
• Implement changes that make the life of the OM
  staff EASIER not harder
• Train operating staff to sustain implemented
  improvements

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Case Study RetroCx for Operability Energy
Savings Cheyenne Depot
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Cheyenne Depot Background

• Constructed about 100 years ago
• Renovated between 2002 2004
• Contains
• Museum
• Brew Pub
• Lobby Offices
• EMC asked to Retro-Cx due to concerns about HVAC
  quality and reliability

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Cheyenne Depot HVAC

• Chilled water system
• 4-pipe fan coils for offices
• DX system for Snake River
• Pub
• AHU with humidity control
• for museum
• Hot water natural gas boilers
• JCI Metasys BAS

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Cheyenne Depot Planning Phase

• HVAC system new, but not commissioned not
  working well
• Point to point BAS sensor verification
• Functional testing
• Sample air and water flow measurements to check
  TAB
• Energy use is greater than expected
• Utility data analysis
• Trending with BAS supplemented with
• temporary monitoring equipment
• Energy disaggregation
• Thermo graphic scans to check envelope
• integrity
• Deliverables
• List of deficiencies for correction under
  warranty
• Recommendations for additional energy savings

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Cheyenne Depot Warranty Items

• Implement night fan setback control
• Adjust duct high-limit humidity setpoint
• Replace valve actuators on dry coolers
• Replace air purge valve on hot water system
• Replace hot water pump bearing
• Balance museum fan for proper airflow
• Change BAS address for fan coil heat valve
• Provide BAS training to maintenance staff

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Snake River Pub AHU Control
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Cheyenne Depot Energy Disagregation
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Cheyenne Depot Additional Energy Opportunities

• Fully close museum outside air dampers at night
• Control ventilation with CO2 sensors
• Reset chilled water temperature on demand

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Cheyenne Depot Thermo Graphic Analysis
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Cheyenne Depot Savings Payback
Wyoming has cheap energy
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Example Resources

• Portland Energy Conservation Inc www.peci.org
• Building Commissioning Association, www.bcxa.org
• Practical Guide to Commissioning Existing
  Buildings, Haasl Sharp, 1999,
• ateam.lbl.gov/mv/docs/RetroCommissioningGuide.pdf
  
• ASHRAE, Guideline 1-1996, The HVAC Commissioning
  Process, www.ashrae.org
• Continuous Commissioning Guidebook for Federal
  Energy Managers http//www.eere.energy.gov/femp/
  pdfs/ccg01_covers.pdf
• U.S. DOE / FEMP,www.eere.energy.gov/femp
• GSA Commissioning Handbook, www.gsa.gov

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EMC Engineers Inc.

• 29 years experience specialized in
• Energy Engineering
• Retro-Commissioning
• Commissioning
• Sustainable Design
• Energy Project Implementation
• Over 150 Commissioned Projects and 75
  Retro-Commissioned Projects
• www.emcengineers.com

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Thank You!