Grammar Boot Camp

1
(No Transcript)
2
This workshop will teach you to

• To add quotations to your paper
• To add paraphrases to your paper

Click mouse for next slide
3
What is an In-text Citation?   

• Quotation Paraphrase
• An in-text citation is either a quotation or a
  paraphrase that you have included in your
  research paper to enhance the quality of your
  paper.
• NOTE In-text Citations are sometimes referred to
  as Parenthetical Citations.
•  
•  

4
Why Use In-text Citations?   

• Use a citation to provide
• Evidence
• Elaboration
• Credibility
•  

5
Quotation vs- Paraphrase

• Quotation
• A word-for-word passage of text.
• Use quotation marks around the citation.
• Use quotations for short passages or for
  precisely worded passages.
• Paraphrase
• A rewording of anothers words
• Do not use quotation marks to signal a
  paraphrase.
• Use a paraphrase to efficiently inform your
  reader of the essence of a lengthy passage.
•  

6
Incorporate Citations

• Identify the source
• Name the author either before or after the
  citation.
• Give the page number(s)
• Place the number(s) within parentheses at the end
  of the citation.
• NOTE Do not give a page number if your print
  source is only one page long or if you are citing
  an Internet source.
•  

7
Print Sources

• Introduce source before citation
• A comma follows the introduction.
• The words of the author are surrounded with
  quotation marks.
• The page number is in parentheses.
• Do not use p or page before the page number.
• The period follows the closing parenthesis.
• NOTE Unless the quotation ends with a question
  mark or exclamation point, do not use any
  punctuation between the end of the quotation and
  the closing quotation mark.
•   

According to Lance Johnson, the best cure is to
avoid stress (34).
8

Print Sources
 

• Give source information after citation
• A comma is not needed before the quotation
  because it is not preceded by an introductory
  phrase or clause it is a continuation of the
  sentence.
• Authors name is in parenthesis.
• One space separates the authors name and the
  page number.
•  
•  

The cause of most low grades is a lack of
adequate revision and editing (Alonzo 3).
9

Print Sources
 

• Give source information after citation
• A comma goes inside the quotation because it is
  followed by a closing phrase
• The authors name is noted within the sentence,
  so it is not listed in the parentheses.  
•  
•  

The cause of most low grades is a lack of
adequate revision and editing, according to
Alonzo (3).
10

Print Sources
 

• Cite a work in an anthology
• The name of the short story is in quotation
  marks.
• Chopin is the author of the short story.
• Do not list the name of the editor of the
  anthology.
• The quotation begins on page 355 and continues on
  page 356.
•  
•  
•  

In The Story of an Hour, Josephine suffered
from the joy that kills (Chopin 355-356).
11

Print Sources
 

• Use a citation with no named author
• This is a paraphrase, so quotation marks are not
  used.
• An abbreviation of the article title is listed in
  parentheses the complete title, Rustic Charm,
  is listed on the works cited page.
• The abbreviated title is in quotation marks.
• The page number is preceded by one space.
•  
•  
•  

An article in Country Living explained that
distressed furniture and floral patterns create
rustic charm in a home (Rustic 57).
12

Print Sources
 

• Use a citation with no named author
• This is a paraphrase, so quotation marks are not
  used.
• An abbreviation of the article title is listed in
  parentheses the complete title, Rustic Charm,
  is listed on the works cited page.
• The abbreviated title is in quotation marks.
• The page number is preceded by one space.
•  
•  
•  

An article in Country Living explained that
distressed furniture and floral patterns create
rustic charm in a home (Rustic 57).
13

Print Sources
 

• Cite a work located in another source
• Roberts is the author of the quote however,
  Arriaga is the author of the article in which
  Roberts quote is found.
• qtd. is an abbreviation for quoted in.
• Because the word that introduces the quotation,
  a comma is not needed. If the word that was not
  used, a comma would be needed.  
•  
•  

Roberts explains that most students graduate
from college in debt due to the rising cost of
tuition (qtd. in Arriaga 7).
14

Print Sources
 

• Block Quotations that are 4 lines or longer

Barnhill describes the students experience with
writers block in the following account He
faced the blank expanse of emptiness before him
and knew he must not only enter into it but also
build upon it and write a paper worthy of his
teacher. He recalled an old saying his teacher
repeated often A journey of a thousand miles
begins with a single step. Then he wrote his
first word. (1)
15

Online Sources
 

• Introduce source before citation
• A comma is not needed after the introduction if
  the word that precedes the quotation.
• A page number is not listed because the source is
  online thus, parentheses are not needed.
• The period is placed inside of the closing
  quotation mark.

Larry Smith predicts that many beginning guitar
students will choose classical guitar as a
major.
16

Online Sources
 

• Give source information after citation
• The authors last name is included in the
  parentheses.
• No page number is used because the source is
  online.
•  
•  

• Running the Boston Marathon is the most
  challenging goal set for our running club
  (Christiansen).

17
Tips on Using Paraphrases

• Use a paraphrase to condense a large amount of
  information where a quote would be too lengthy.
• Incorporate a paraphrase in the same way you
  would incorporate a quotation.
• Document a paraphrase in the same way you would
  document a quotation.

18
Congratulations!

• You have successfully completed Session Three of
  Research Paper
• Boot Camp!
• For more information on how to incorporate
  in-text citations, visit a friendly, professional
  tutor at the Stone Writing Center.
• SW 104, East Campus 698-1364
  www.delmar.edu/engl/wrtctr