Teaching the elements of Moving Image Language

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Sound and Light Tim Arnold Martin
Phillips Sussex University July 2008
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What is the purpose of lighting?

• Realist lighting. When successful, actor and set
  are lit so naturally and unobtrusively that the
  audience dont notice the technology which has
  been used to simulate reality
• Expressive lighting. This is when the director
  uses light to set a mood or tone for a scene or
  even a look to a whole film.

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How do you set up lighting?

• Key light. This is the main light used on the
  set. It will be placed to one side of the camera
  and directed at the actors it is lighting
• Fill light. This is placed on the other side of
  the camera from the Key light and is not as
  powerful. It takes out some, though not all, of
  the shadows created by the Key light
• Back light. This is placed behind the figure.
  It defines the figures outline and separates
  them from the background to give a more three
  dimensional effect to the shot

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Planning your lighting

• High Key This type of lighting makes the shot
  look very bright overall with small areas of
  shadow. So a bright sunlight (though not
  necessarily sunlit) outdoor shot would be high
  key
• Low Key The shot looks dark overall with few
  areas of highlight. Night shots or interiors are
  often low-key. There may be one section of the
  shot which is quite brightly lit while the rest
  is in deep shadow.

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Sound is often an afterthought (or no thought!)
in student productions
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• 12-15,000 sales per annum at its peak
• 2,000 a year now
• 60 of products sold still have CD and cassette
  coming down 10 a year

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Sales of approx 5000 a year
2009 NEW 3000 SERIES RECORDER the 393 of the
digital age!
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• CD recorder
• Digital audio tape (DAT) recorders
• Mini disc players and recorders
• Hard disc recorders which will record ina
  number of different formats
• MP3 players and recorders
• iPods
• Mobile phones
• Computers

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• The microphone

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Voices in texts

• Roland Barthes contends that what he calls the
  grain of voice exceeds the verbal meaning of a
  text.
• It is not just how well you capture the sound
  technically it is how much thought goes into the
  pace, volume and intonation of the performer