CARBOHYDRATES

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CARBOHYDRATES

• A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
• B. Ratio of atoms 1 C 2 H 1 O or
• (CH2O)n n Carbon Atoms
• C. Exists as rings or long chains
• D. Energy storage molecule due to C-H bonds
• - C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do
  people Carbo-Load?

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• E. 3 major groups
• monosaccharides
• disaccharides
• polysaccharides

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Monosaccharides

• Mono 1 Saccharide Sugar
• 1. Simple sugars
• 2. no digestionabsorbed directly
• 3. Provides quick bursts of energy, not long
  lasting
• 4. Fructose Glucose

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Disaccharides

• Di 2 Saccharide sugar
• 1. two simple sugars together
• 2. Must digest first
• 3. Common food additive
• 4. Sucrose table sugar glucose fructose
• 5. Lactose milk sugar glucose galactose

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Polysaccharides

• Poly many
• 1. Long complex chains of glucose molecules
• 2. Insoluble in water- molecule is too big
• 3. Stored energy- lots of C-H bonds
• Timed Release- convert to glucose when energy
  is needed
• 4. 3 groups (starch, cellulose, and glycogen)

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• a. Glycogen - energy storage found in liver and
  muscles of animals
• -can be converted to glucose for energy when
  needed

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• b. Starch- stable food storage compound in
  plants
• - 22 to 28 glucose molecules long pretty big
• - baking or boiling starches will break the long
  chains into useable sugars- so does digestion
• -Athletes Need This!!

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• c. Cellulose- found in plant cell walls
• -100-200 glucose molecules long
• -can not be digested by humans- but eaten all the
  time- do you eat your veggies?

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Where do we get carbs from?

• Simple Sugars- sweet things- candy
• Double Sugars- Table Sugar(Sucrose) Milk
  (Lactose) etc
• Complex Sugars
• Starch- Potatoes, Corn, Rice, Wheat (Breads)
• Cellulose- Plant Cell Walls- Undigestable but
  still eaten- Called Dietary Fiber- aids in
  digestion
• Glycogen- we make it! (Liver and muscles)

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How Do You Make Organic Compounds?

• 2 Reactions
• Dehydration Synthesis- Puts together
• Hydrolysis- Breaks apart

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• A. Dehydration Synthesis - small units are
  joined together by removing water

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• B. Hydrolysis -large compounds are broken down
  into smaller units by adding water