Title: UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential Environment
1Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title
UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential
Environment Date Submitted 16 September,
2004 Source Chia-Chin Chong, Youngeil Kim,
SeongSoo Lee Company Samsung Advanced
Institute of Technology (SAIT) Address RF
Technology Group, Comm. Networking Lab., P. O.
Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea. Voice82-31-280-
6865, FAX 82-31-280-9555, E-Mail
chiachin.chong_at_samsung.com Re Response to
Call for Contributions on IEEE 802.15.4a Channel
Models Abstract This contribution describes
the UWB channel measurement results in indoor
residential environment based in several types of
high-rise apartments. It consists of detailed
characterization of both the large-scale and
small-scale parameters of the channel such as
frequency-domain parameters, temporal-domain
parameters, small-scale amplitude statistics and
S-V clustering multipath channel parameters of
the UWB channel with bandwidth from 3 to 10
GHz. Purpose Contribution towards the IEEE
802.15.4a Channel Modeling Subgroup. Notice This
document has been prepared to assist the IEEE
P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion
and is not binding on the contributing
individual(s) or organization(s). The material in
this document is subject to change in form and
content after further study. The contributor(s)
reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw
material contained herein. Release The
contributor acknowledges and accepts that this
contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may
be made publicly available by P802.15.
2UWB Channel Model for Indoor Residential
Environment
- Chia-Chin Chong, Youngeil Kim, SeongSoo Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT),
Korea
3Outline
- Measurement Setup Environment
- Data Analysis Post-Processing
- Measurement Results
- Large-Scale Parameters
- Small-Scale Parameters
- Conclusion
4Measurement Setup (1)
- Frequency domain technique using VNA
- Center frequency, fc 6.5GHz
- Bandwidth, B 7GHz (i.e. 3-10GHz)
- Delay resolution, ?? 142.9ps (i.e. ??1/B)
- No. frequency points, N 1601
- Frequency step, ?f 4.375MHz (i.e. ?fB/(N-1))
- Max. excess delay, ?max 229.6ns (i.e.
?max1/?f) - Sweeping time, tsw 800ms
- Max. Doppler shift, fd,max 1.25Hz (i.e.
fd,max1/tsw)
5Measurement Setup (2)
- UWB planar dipole antennas
- Measurement controlled by laptop with LabVIEW via
GPIB interface - Calibration performed in an anechoic chamber with
1m reference separation - Static environment during recording
- Both large-scale small-scale measurements
- Large-scale different RX positions ? local
point - Small-scale 25 (5x5) grid-measurements around
each local point ? spatial point - At each spatial point, 30 time-snapshots of the
channel complex frequency responses are recorded
6Measurement Setup (3)
Propagation Channel
RX antenna
TX antenna
Coaxial Cables
Vector network analyzer (Agilent 8722ES)
Low Noise Amplifier (Miteq AFS5)
Power Amplifier (Agilent 83020A)
Attenuator (Agilent 8496B)
GPIB Interface
Laptop with LabVIEW
7UWB Planar Dipole Antenna
8Measurement Environment
- Measurements in various types of high-rise
apartments based on several cities in Korea ?
typical types in Asia countries like Korea,
Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc. - 3-bedrooms (Apart1)
- 4-bedrooms (Apart2)
- Both LOS and NLOS configurations
- TX-RX antennas
- Separations up to 20m
- Height 1.25m (with ceiling height of 2.5m)
- TX antenna always fixed in the center of the
living room - RX antenna moved around the apartment (i.e. 8-10
locations) - 12,000 channel complex frequency responses are
collected (i.e. 2 apartments x 8 RX local points
x 25 spatial points x 30 time snapshots ?
2x8x25x3012,000)
93-Bedroom Apartment
Grid-Measurement
104-Bedroom Apartment
11Data Analysis Post-Processing
- All measurement data are calibrated with the
calibration data measured in anechoic chamber to
remove effect of measurement system - Perform frequency domain windowing to reduce the
leakage problem - Complex passband IFFT is deployed to transform
the complex frequency response to complex impulse
response - Perform temporal domain binning before extract
channel parameters
12Channel Model Description
- Large-Scale Parameters
- Path loss and Shadowing
- Frequency Decaying Factor
- Small-Scale Parameters
- Temporal Domain Parameters
- S-V Multipath Channel Parameters
- Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics
13Path Loss and Shadowing
- Path loss (PL) vs. Distance (d)
- d0 1m
- PL0 intercept
- n path loss exponent
- S Shadowing fading parameter
- Perform linear regression to the above equation
with measured data to extract the required
parameters
14Path Loss vs. Distance LOS
15Path Loss vs. Distance NLOS
16Frequency Decaying Factor
- Path loss (PL) vs. Frequency (f)
- or
(Method 1)
(Method 2)
17Frequency Decaying Factor LOS
18Frequency Decaying Factor NLOS
19Large-Scale Parameters
20Temporal Domain Parameters
- These parameters were obtained after taking
frequency domain Hamming windowing, passband IFFT
temporal domain binning
21S-V Multipath Channel (1)
- Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) channel model is given by
- L number of clusters lth cluster
- Kl number of MPCs within the
- ak,l multipath gain coefficent of the kth
component in lth cluster - Tl delay of the lth cluster
- ?k,l delay of the kth MPC relative to the to
the lth cluster arrival time
22S-V Multipath Channel (2)
- Cluster arrival times Poisson distribution
- Ray arrival times Poisson distribution
- ? mean cluster arrival rate
- ? mean ray arrival rate
23S-V Multipath Channel (3)
- Average power of a MPC at a given delay, Tl
?k,l - expected value of the power of the first
arriving MPC - ? cluster decay factor
- ? ray decay factor
24Cluster Decay Factor, ? LOS
25Cluster Decay Factor, ? NLOS
26Ray Decay Factor, ? LOS
27Ray Decay Factor, ? NLOS
28Cluster Arrival Rate, ? LOS
29Cluster Arrival Rate, ? NLOS
30Ray Arrival Rate, ? LOS
31Ray Arrival Rate, ? NLOS
32Mixture Poisson Distribution
- Fitting the ray arrival times to a mixture of 2
Poisson distributions similar to 1 - ? mixture probability
- ?1 ?2 ray arrival rates
33Mixture Poisson Distributions LOS
34Mixture Poisson Distributions NLOS
35Number of Clusters
36Number of MPCs per Cluster
37S-V Multipath Channel Parameters
38Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics
- Comparison of empirical path amplitude
distribution with the following five commonly
used theoretical distributions - Lognormal
- Nakagami
- Rayleigh
- Ricean
- Weibull
- The goodness-of-fit of the received signal
amplitudes is evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov
(K-S) test Chi-Square (?2) test with 5 and 10
significance level, respectively.
39Goodness-of-Test LOS
40Goodness-of-Test NLOS
41CDF of Path Amplitude LOS
42CDF of Path Amplitude NLOS
43Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics Parameters
- The results demonstrate that lognormal, Nakagami
and Weibull fit the measurement data well. - Parameters of these distributions (i.e. standard
deviation of lognormal PDF, m-parameter of
Nakagami PDF and b-shape parameter of Weibull
PDF) can be modeled by a lognormal distribution,
respectively - These parameters are almost constant across the
excess delay
44Standard Deviation of Lognormal PDF LOS
45Standard Deviation of Lognormal PDF NLOS
46m-Nakagami Parameter LOS
47m-Nakagami Parameter NLOS
48b-Weibull Parameter LOS
49b-Weibull Parameter NLOS
50Variations of Lognormal-? with Delay LOS
51Variations of Lognormal-? with Delay NLOS
52Variations of Nakagami-m with Delay LOS
53Variations of Nakagami-m with Delay NLOS
54Variations of Weibull-b with Delay LOS
55Variations of Weibull-b with Delay NLOS
56Small-Scale Amplitude Statistics Parameters
57Conclusion
- Frequency domain technique UWB measurement
campaign has been carried out in indoor
residential environment (high-rise apartments)
covering frequencies from 3-10 GHz. - Measurement covered both LOS NLOS scenarios.
- Channel measurement results and parameters which
characterize both the large-scale and small-scale
parameters of the channel are reported.
58Reference
- B. Kannan et. al., Characterization of UWB
Channels Small-Scale Parameters for Indoor and
Outdoor Office Environment, IEEE
802.15-04-0385-00-04a, July 2004.