Com 103: Introduction to Public Speaking

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Com 103 Introduction to Public Speaking

• Instructor Iva Thelen
• Fall 2006
• Lecture 7

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Overview

• Return Speech Grades
• Informative Outlines Due Thursday
• Lecture

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Organizing the Body of Your Speech

• Divide the Speech into Key Ideas
• Develop the Key Ideas
• Connect the Key Ideas

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Divide the Speech into Key Ideas

• Topical I P
• Chronological I P
• Spatial I P
• Causal I P
• Pro-con I P
• Gimmick I P
• Problem-solution P only
• Need-plan P Only

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For Best Results.

• Select the structure that best achieves the
  purpose of your speech.
• .Organization to topic

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Topical Division

• Organizes a speech according to aspects, or
  subtopics, of the subject.

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Chronological Division

• Organizes a speech according to a time sequence

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Spatial Division

• Organizes a speech according to the geography or
  physical structure of the subject.

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Casual Division

• Organizes a speech from cause and effect, or from
  effect to cause.

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Pro-Con Division

• Organizes a speech according to arguments for and
  against some policy, position, or action.

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Gimmick Division

• Organizes a speech according to a special memory
  device, such as alliteration, rhyme, or initial
  letters that spell a word.

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Problem- Solution Division

• A rigid organizational pattern that establishes a
  compelling problem and offers one or more
  convincing solutions.

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Develop the Key Ideas

• Tip At least two main points but no more than
  five.three would be ideal.

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The 4 Ss

• Signpost
• State
• Support
• Summarize

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Connect the Key Ideas

• A Transition Statement
• A statement that connects parts of the speech and
  indicates the nature of their connection.

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Types of Connections/ Transitions

• Complementary Transition Adds one idea to
  another
• Causal Transition Establishes a cause-effect
  relation between two ideas
• Contrasting Transition Shows how two ideas
  differ
• Chronological Transition Shows how one idea
  precedes or follows another in time

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Introducing and Concluding Your Speech

• Organizing the Introduction of the Speech
• Organize the Conclusion of the Speech

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Functions of a Speech Introduction

• Get the attention of your audience
• State your Topic
• Establish the importance of your topic
• Establish your credibility to speak on your topic
• Preview the key ideas of your speech

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GETTING ATTENTION

• Strategies
• Question your audience
• Arouse curiosity
• Stimulate imagination
• Promise something beneficial
• Amuse your audience
• Energize your audience
• Acknowledge and compliment your audience

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State Your Topic

• Once you have the attention of your audience,
  state the topic or purpose of your speech
  directly and succinctly.

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Establish the Importance of Your Topic

• Convince the listeners that the topic is
  important to them
• Motivate them to listen further

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Establish Your Credibility to Speak on Your Topic

• Listeners should understand why you selected your
  topic and should believe that you are qualified
  to speak on it.
• Should continue through the rest of your speech

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Preview Your Key Ideas

• A statement that orients the audience by
  revealing how the speaker has organized the body
  of a speech.
• Usually 1-3 sentences in length

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Organize the Conclusion of the Speech

• Knowing when and how to conclude your speech is
  an art you must master without the luxury of
  having someone watching over your shoulder.

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Functions of a Speech Conclusion

• Summarize your key ideas
• Activate audience response
• Provide closure

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Functions of Outlining

• It tests the scope of the speakers content
• It tests the logical relations among parts of the
  speech
• It tests the relevance of supporting ideas
• It checks the balance or proportion of the speech
• It serves a notes during the delivery of the
  speech

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Logical Relations.

• Coordinate Ideas Ideas that have equal value in
  a speech
• Subordinate Ideas Ideas that support more
  general or more important points in a speech

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Types of Outlines

• Complete Sentence Outline
• Key Word or Phrase Outline

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Keep In Mind

• Organization is not something that comes to you,
  but rather it is something that you must go after
• There is no one right way of organizing all
  speeches on a particular topic
• The early stages of organizing and outlining a
  speech are filled with uncertainty be flexible
• Identifying the main points in a speech is also
  easier than many people imagine

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The Working Outline

• An informal, initial outline recording a
  speakers process of narrowing, focusing, and
  balancing a topic

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The Formal Outline

• A complete sentence outline written in sufficient
  detail that a person other than the speaker could
  understand it.

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What I expect..

• Your Outline Should Contain
• Speech Title
• Specific Purpose
• Thesis Statement
• Speech Division Type/Style
• An outline of Main Points, Subpoints, etc
• Bibliography

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The Speaking Outline

• A brief outline for the speakers use alone and
  containing source citations and delivery prompts.

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Wording Your Speech

• Functions of Language
• Principles of Effective Language Use

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Functions of Language

• Communicate Ideas
• Send Messages about User
• Strengthen Social Bonds
• Serve as Instrument of Play
• Check Language Use

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Principles of Effective Language Use

• Use Language Correctly
• Use Language Clearly
• Use Language Vividly
• Use Language Appropriately

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Some tips.

• Listen to yourself and others
• Look up words
• Practice
• Use Specific Language
• Use Familiar Language
• Use Active Language
• Appeal to you Listeners Senses
• And the list goes on.

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Delivery

• The way a speaker presents a speech, through
  voice qualities, bodily actions and language.

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Delivering Your Speech

• Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Methods of Delivery
• Qualities of Effective Delivery
• Elements of Vocal Delivery
• Elements of Physical Delivery

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Principles of Nonverbal Communication

• Part of our nonverbal communication is
  deliberate, while another part is unintentional.
• Few nonverbal signals have universal meaning.
• When a speakers verbal and nonverbal channels
  send conflicting messages, we tend to trust the
  nonverbal message.
• The message you intend may be overridden by other
  meanings people attach to your nonverbal
  communication.

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Methods of Delivery

• Speaking Impromptu
• Speaking from Memory
• Speaking from Manuscript
• Speaking Extemporaneously

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Qualities of Effective Delivery

• Effective delivery helps everyone-both the
  listeners and the speaker.
• The best delivery looks and feels natural,
  comfortable, and spontaneous.
• Delivery is best when the audience is not aware
  of it.

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The Basic Elements

• Voice
• Body
• Language

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Elements of Vocal Delivery

• Rate and pause
• Volume
• Pitch and inflection
• Voice Quality
• Articulation and pronunciation

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Elements of Physical Delivery

• Appearance
• Posture
• Facial Expression
• Eye Contact
• Movement
• Gestures

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Presentational Aids

• Increases Message Clarity
• Reinforces Message Impact
• Increases Speaker Dynamism
• Enhances Speaker Confidence

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Types

• Objects
• Graphics
• Projections
• Electronic Aids
• Handouts
• Audio and Other Aids

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Guidelines

• Focus
• Layout
• Highlighting
• Fonts
• Color and Art

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Strategies

• Before the speech
• During the speech

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For Thursday

• Outlines Due email by 1205p (end of class time)