TETRA Experience 2006

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TETRA Experience 2006

• Sao Paulo
• July 18th 2006

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ADVANTAGES OFTRUNKING, DIGITAL TDMA

• Devdarsh Jain
• TETRA Association Brazilian Event
• 18-19 Sao Paulo Brazil

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Agenda
TDMA
DIGITAL
TRUNKING
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TRUNKING
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What is Trunking ?

• From an early stage in the development of
  telephony, the need was found for thick cables
  (up to around 10 cm diameter). These were usually
  covered in lead. Thus, both in colour and size
  they resembled an elephant's trunk. Also, since
  they connect branch offices they act much like
  the trunk of a tree.

Trunking techniques have been used for many years
in switched telephone networks. The first
trunked mobile radio communication systems were
deployed as early the 70s in North America and
shortly afterwards in Europe using analogue
MPT1327 technology.
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Radio Trunking

• Sharing of a pool of resource.
• All users share the same pool of available
  radio channels.
• Radio units are allocated a channel only for the
  duration of a speech call.
• Resources are allocated automatically, on
  demand.
• Resources could be - Radio Channel
• Audio Line to Basestation
• PABX or PSTN Connection
• Intersite Connection

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Benefits of Trunking

• Spectrum Efficiency
• Automatic Management of traffic resources.

• Spectrum Efficiency
• Automatic Management of traffic resources
• Autonomy of operation to users/groups
• Enhanced Services
• Removes limitations of Conventional PMR Solutions

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Spectrum Efficiency
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Radio User Loading Comparison
Source The TETRA Advocate
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Advantage for Regulatory Bodies

• Trunking technology, combined with deregulation,
  stimulates the provision of licences by national
  administrations to operate Pubic Access Mobile
  Radio (PAMR) networks.
• Besides generating license revenues, the
  administrative burden of issuing PMR licences and
  spectrum to individual user organisations can be
  further reduced.

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Management of Resources
Before Trunking
After Trunking
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Radio User Registration
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Talk Group Communication
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Trunked Call Processing
Push to Talk (PTT)
Voice Channels
Control Channel
System Controller
1. Call Request
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Trunked Call Processing
2. Call Set Up
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Trunked Call Processing
Receive
Transmit
Voice Channels
Control Channel
System Controller
3. Transmission
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Enhanced Services
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System Enhanced Services

• Called party busy signalling
• Called and Calling party automatic ring back when
  not busy
• Number unobtainable signalling
• System busy signalling
• Call Divert
• Call Hold
• Call Include
• Call Conferencing
• Call Forwarding
• Calling Radio User Identity indication (number
  and/or alias)
• Group Identity indication (number and/or alias)
• Preferred base station site operation

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Multisite Enhanced Services
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Non Voice Services
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Trunking solves limitations of a Conventional PMR
Solution
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DIGITAL
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Benefits of Digital

• Voice Quality
• RF Coverage
• Non-Voice Services
• Security
• Cost
• Other

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Voice Quality

• Speech VOCODER (VOice CODer DEcodeR)
• 3.456 kbit/s ACELP (efficient! GSM is 13.2kbits)
• With error correction fills 7.2kbit/s (single
  timeslot)
• Quality is good
• Can filter out background noises
• Robust to errors
• Environments
• Low and High speeds (fading) channel coding
• Urban/Hilly terrain (multipath) equalisation

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Voice Quality
Comparison with analogue FM
Low background noise
Quality
High background noise
TETRA
FM
Range
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Non Voice Services

• / Packet Mode Data
• Status Messaging
• Emergency status
• Generic activity

• Circuit Mode Data
• File Transfer
• Image Transfer
• Slow scan Video
• Short Data Service
• Automatic Vehicle Location
• Telemetry
• Database Access

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Security

• The best form of voice security against
  eavesdropping is that provided by using digitally
  encoded voice encryption algorithms, which by
  nature of being digital make them difficult to
  employ in analogue systems.
• As digital systems are designed only for the
  transmission of digital information, the voice
  information elements of these transmissions can
  be digitally encrypted more easily.

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(No Transcript)
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Cost

• The component cost to build an analogue radio and
  a digital radio are approximately getting the
  same. The main differences affecting cost, which
  are not technology related, are
• Economies of Scale
• Competition
• Technology Maturity
• Life Cycle Cost

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The Digital Advantage - Summary
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING(TDMA)
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Time Division Multiple Access

• TDMA is a technology that allows user to share
  the same frequency by dividing it into Time
  slots
• TDMA Structure
• Signalling during calls

User data
Synchronisation patterns
a data-burst every 14ms
4 per frame
18 per hyper-frame(1.02 sec)
1 2 3 . 17 18 1
time
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TETRA TDMA Characteristics

• 41 TDMA
• 4 Logical Channels
• 25 Khz Carrier Spacing
• Half Duplex Calls use 1 Slot
• Full Duplex Calls use 2 Slots
• Slots can be combined for Higher Data
  Transmission

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TETRA Transmission - Encoding
TX
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TETRA Receive - Decoding
RX
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FDMA vs. TDMA
Bandwidth
25
12.5
6.25
0
Time
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Use of TDMA Carrier
25 KHz Carrier
25 KHz
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Use of TDMA Carrier
Base Station Idle
25 KHz
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
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Use of TDMA Carrier
Voice channel allocated to slot 1
Voice
Voice
Voice
25 KHz
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
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Use of TDMA Carrier
Voice channel allocated to slots 1 2
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
25 KHz
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
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Use of TDMA Carrier
Voice channel allocated to slots 1 2 Data
channel allocated to slot 3
Data
Data
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
25 KHz
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
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Use of TDMA Carrier
Voice channel allocated to slot 1 Slots 2, 3 4
combined for high speed data
Data
Data
Voice
Voice
Voice
25 KHz
Slot 1
Slot 2
and 3
and 4
Slot 1
Slot 2
and 3
and 4
Slot 1
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Spectrum Efficiency
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Typical FM vs. TDMA Solution
F1, F2, F3 F4
F1
Antenna Combining Network
Base Station

Base Station
Base Station
Base Station
Base Station

Communication Channels 1 - 4
.

.
.
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
4 Slot TDMA
Analog FM Solution


Comparison of 4 channel base Station FM and TDMA
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Feature Comparison
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TDMA Advantage
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TDMA Advantage
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Conclusion

• TETRA on the basis of its underlying technology
  using Trunking, Digital TDMA is a technology
  for the future.
• TETRA offers
• Spectrum Efficiency
• Voice Data
• Advanced Features
• Security
• Voice Quality
• Overcomes limitations of Analog
• Future Compatible

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Thanks

• For more information, please visit
• www.tetramou.com

• References
• TETRA The Advocates Handbook, Doug Gray

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TETRA Experience 2006

• Sao Paulo
• July 18th 2006

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Services Facilities

• Ole Arrhenius

09.06.2006
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Contents

• The package vs user needs
• Basic PMR voice services
• Basic mobile telephony
• Advanced group voice
• Advanced mobile telephony
• A quick look at data
• Other interesting facilities
• Making the difference
• Shared networks
• Conclusions

Data services and security are discussed in other
presentations
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Mission critical needs

• Guaranteed service
• - under normal conditions
• - during incidents
• - planned capacity for emergency handling
• - semi-duplex (only one channel per group
  per site)
• Fast group communications
• - x00 ms set-up time
• - good dispatching
• - dynamic group management
• Specific functionality
• - emergency calls (pre-emptive)
• - security
• - monitoring, status messages

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Unique Powerful Package

• Four in One
• Group voice dispatch
• Mobile telephony
• Messaging
• IP data
• Uncompromised security
• Capacity for nationwide shared networks
• TETRA standard Release 2 will strengthen the
  package with High Speed Data few other
  functions

OPEN HERE
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Basic PMR Voice Services (and more)

• Excellent voice quality of ACELP codec
• Group calls
• Wide area groups up to nationwide
• Fast call set-up
• Virtually unlimited number of talkgroups
• Economic use of resources
• Individual call (semi-duplex)
• Direct call i.e. press and talk
• Hook call i.e. answer when it rings
• Mobility management and fast cell reselection

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Basic Mobile Telephony

• Individual call (full duplex)
• Radio to radio
• PSTN/PABX/ISDN connectivity
• Mobility management and fast cell reselection
• Before TETRA this was not self-evident

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Advanced PMR Voice Services

• Pre-emptive Priority Call (PPC, emergency call)
• Call queuing when resources busy
• Priority Call up to 16 priority levels (PC PPC)
• Late Entry (LE)
• Ambience Listening (AL)
• Call Authorised by Dispatcher (CAD)
• Discreet Listening (DL, monitoring of calls)
• Dynamic Group Number Assignment (DGNA)
• Talking Party Identification (TPI)

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Advanced Mobile Telephony Services

• MS-ISDN numbering to address the whole world
• Short numbering schemes
• Modern PABX facilities such as
• Calling party identification
• Barring of calls (incoming outgoing)
• Call forwarding
• Call Waiting
• Billing and Customer Care systems/interfaces
• Text messaging

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Data Communication Services

• Status service
• efficient, real time
• group and individual addresses
• Short Data Service, SDS
• text messaging
• GPS position data
• group and individual addresses
• IP packet data
• file and image transfers
• database access
• reporting
• WAP, web browsing
• Circuit switched data

High speed data TETRA Enhanced Data Service
TEDS comes in Release 2
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End-to-end applications for end-user needs

• TETRA has created new type of application supply
• Manufacturers development partnership programmes
  gather even hundreds of software houses
• A. Horizontal applications common with commercial
  mobile data business
• Positioning, databases, email etc high volume
  applications
• B. Very specialised fit-to-purpose segment
  specific applications
• Command control, telemedicine, telemetry,

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Other Services Facilities

• Transmitter Inhibit
• Direct Mode operation (DMO)
• Traditional
• Gateway
• Repeater
• Air-Ground-Air (was part of Release 2)
• Location Information Protocol (LIP) (was part of
  Release 2)
• Fall-back operation of Base Stations
• Network Interfaces for Telephony, Data,
  Internet, Command Control Systems, Network
  Management, etc.
• Full security (discussed elsewhere)

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Key differentiators of TETRA vs others

• Versus Cellular
• Fast response group calls
• Mission critical dispatching
• Availability for mission critical
• Daily use
• Under emergencies
• Capacity of semi-duplex
• DMO, BS fall-back
• Full security
• (mutual) authentication
• Air end-to-end encrypt
• Disabling of radios
• Features PPC, LE, AL, DGNA

• Versus other PMR
• Full duplex
• Cell handovers
• TDMA capacity
• Spectrum efficiency
• Voice data truly in use
• Multi-vendor market
• Cost benefits
• Fast innovations
• Compare the handsets for GPS, color display, WEB,
  WAP, JAVA,

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Sharing a network

• Now common practice with TETRA in Public Safety
• Requires VPN and controlled privacy
• Services and parameters per user organisation
• Fleet service management per user organisation
• Leads to big savings in CAPEX OPEX
• Leads to nationwide high-capacity networks
• TETRA has shown that it can perform

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TETRA OK for mission critical?

• Guaranteed service
• - under normal conditions
• - during incidents
• - planned capacity for emergency handling
• - semi-duplex (only one channel per group
  per site)
• Fast group communications
• - x00 ms set-up time
• - good dispatching
• - dynamic group management
• Specific functionality
• - emergency calls (pre-emptive)
• - security
• - monitoring, status messages

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Conclusions

• TETRA is the open global standard for digital
  professional radio communications
• mission critical voice and group dispatch
• mobile telephony
• advanced data transfer and applications
• Meets the mission critical user needs
• Real and open multi-vendor supply
• Very competitive functionality compared to any
  other technology

TETRA is secure and future-proof choice of global
PMR community
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Questions and Answers

• Peter Clemons