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Start a new section of your NOTES.
Multimedia covers a lot of topics, If you have
experience in multimedia and would like to share
your knowledge with the class, speak to Mr. D.
Hyperlink to
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AUDIO
IMAGES
Interactivity
Text
Color
VIDEO
ANIMATION
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The integration of two or more of the following
components

• Audio (speech/music)
• Still images
• Video
• Text/numbers
• Graphics
• Animation

into a coherent, manageable mix at the user
interface.
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• Perception, retention, reasoning, presentation
• Human behavior sensory, memory, reactionary
• Five senses sound, touch, sight, taste, smell
• A combination of these provides a rich learning
  environment
• Only sound and sight can be captured in computer
  systems

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• Sight and sound are captured in a computer system
  as video, audio, and data
• A medium refers to any one of data such as text,
  digitized voice, digitized video, still digitized
  images, and graphics.

Multimedia is the combination of two or more
media.
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Multimedia File Extensions
.jpg or .jpeg Joint Photographic Experts Groups
.gif Graphics Interchange Format
.mpg or .mpeg Motion Picture Experts Group
.avi Audio Video Interleaved
.au Audio Player
.aiff Audio Interchange File Format
.mid or .midi Musical Instrument Digital Interface
.wav Wave Table
.mov Quick Time Movie
.ra Real Audio
.png Portable Network Graphic
.snd Sound
.swf Shockwave File
.fla Flash Movie
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• Start/Update your notes.
• Check out the systems in the lab that have sound
  cards.
• Test the sound cards (output and input).
• Prepare to work in groups.

Demo explain volume control, record,
playback. ALSO Input, output, microphone and
speakers/headphones.
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Graphics

• Clip Art
• Digital Photos
• Scanned Images
• Drawing or Paint Objects

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Animation

• Flash
• Animated GIFs

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Video

• Quicktime
• Streaming Video (Real Player)
• AVI files
• MPEG files

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Sound

• Real Player
• Sound Recorder
• WAV files
• MIDI files
• Compact Disc

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Hypertext

• This is hypertext
• Buttons

Interactive button
Interactivity
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Formats

• Web Page
• CD-ROM
• Slide Show
• PowerPoint
• HyperStudio

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Software

• HyperStudio
• PowerPoint
• Flash
• Avid Cinema
• Adobe Premiere
• Real Media
• Macromedia Shockwave Director

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Hardware

• Digital Cameras
• Video Cameras
• Video Capture Card
• QuickCam

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• Update your notes. (add a MAP on how to use
  Windows playback record vol control, and the
  sound recorder) sndvol32.exe sndrec32.exe
• Go to Google.com and search for MULTIMEDIA.
• Share any COOL sites dealing with SOUNDS,
  animation or multimedia equipment with your team
  member.
• In your group, create a list of 5 of the best
  URLS and submit it for a participations grade.
• Demonstrate the URLs next time we meet.

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Analog vs Digital Signals

• Voice, music analog signal continuous
• They must be digitized for computer manipulation
• The computer, by definition, is a discrete
  system. In fact, it can take only two values 1
  and 0 binary
• All higher numbers are built from these two
  numbers

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Analog vs Digital Signals

• Lets say we need to represent a temperature
  signal where 30 was 0 and 40 was 1
• No way to represent 35 or 37
• How about 35.5?
• Sampling

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Sampling
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Sampling

• Sampling is the conversion of real-world signals
  or movements at regular intervals into digital
  code.
• How do I know how often to sample?
• Is more,better?
• Nyquist showed that sampling a signal faster than
  twice the rate of change is useless

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Sampling

• E.g. voice can be sampled at 11 KHz, 22KHz, 44KHz
• Music has a higher range. Human hearing 20-20,000
  Hz
• CD quality sound is 44KHz

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Quantization
Quantize To assign a number to a sample. The
larger the number the more the digital sample
represents the analog signal.

• Sampling In digitizing operations, the
  conversion of real-world signals or movements at
  regular intervals into digital code.

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sampling rate In digitizing operations, the
frequency with which samples are taken and
converted into digital form. The sampling
frequency must be at least twice that of the
analog frequency being captured. For example,
the sampling rate for hi-fi playback is 44.1KHz,
slightly more than double the 20KHz frequency a
person can hear. The higher the sampling rate,
the closer real-world objects are represented in
digital form. Another attribute of sampling is
quantizing, which creates a number for the
sample. The larger the maximum number, also
called resolution or precision, the more
granularity of the scale and the more accurate
the digital sampling.
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analog in
Digital out
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Quantization

• The value of each sample is also represented
  digitally
• In the digital domain not all the values of the
  continuous domain can be found
• How many bits are sufficient?
• Music 16 bits
• Pictures 24 bits

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Binary Code

• 1bit 1 Binary Digit
• 8 bits 8b 1 byte 1B
• 1000B 1KiloBytes 1KB
• 1000KB 1 MegaByte 1MB
• 1000MB 1GigaByte 1GB
• 1000GB 1 TeraByte 1TB

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GoldwavWhere to find it?On the internet or in
Extras 2See it runAre there others????
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• Update your notes. (make a MAP of goldwav,
  include a list of what it can do and try to
  describe the effect)
• (in teams) Using GoldWav Create a WAV file with
  your voice that says Multimedia on computers is
  funBe sure to give a short delay between each
  word.Now scramble the sentence (ex fun
  multimedia on computers) using the goldwave
  program only to edit the WAV file.
• Save as a voice file, now share it with another
  team.
• Unscramble the WAV file given to you from another
  team.
• Volunteer to discuss (demo) or sound editors.

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Audio

• Sampling rate and quantization
• Mono, stereo or surround (number of channels)
• CD specification
• DVD specification
• MIDI for musical notes

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An analog wave digitized
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Quantization
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Undersampling
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Clipping
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Human hearing 20 - 20,000 cps (Hz) 8 bits of
sound 256 different frequencies 19,980 / 256
78 cps steps 16 bits of sound 65,536
different freq. 19,980 / 65,536 .3 cps
steps .WAVe files (record/play sound
waves) voice - 11,025 times/sec. sampling rate
8 bit sound, mono 3.5 HD diskette holds 131
sec. CD - 44,100 times/sec. sampling rate 16
bit sound, stereo 3.5 HD diskette holds 8 sec.  
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• Update your notes.
• Record music in stereo at 44.1K. Save it.
• Now save as mono 8k. Save it.
• Compare the files sizes.
• Listen to both and compare the quality.
• Add to your notes the summary of steps 2-5 and
  your comments.

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Text and Data

• Numbers can be converted from decimal to binary
• Characters can be converted using a look up chart
  called ASCII
• Each character is assigned a decimal number e.g.
  A 65
• Data files are usually small

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• Some Font Characteristics
• Spacing - Proportional or fixed
• Pitch - Characters per horizontal inch
• Point size - Character height
• Style - Upright or italic
• Stroke weight - Medium or bold
• Typeface - Courier, Times Roman, Arial
• Color

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• Update your notes.
• Create a Word document with 12 different fonts,
  font spacing, font position, points, and
  view/explore the font folder in windows.

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Image

• Images are bitmaps
• Divide the picture into pixels picture cells
• E.g. 100 x 100
• Each pixel has a n bit quantization
• N 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24

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Image
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Graphics

• Graphics are constructed by the composition of
  primitive objects such as lines, circles,
  polygons, curves, and splines
• Each object is stored as an equation
• Takes less space than bitmaps for uncomplicated
  pictures
• Not suitable for photographs with a lot of shades
  etc.

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http//www.colorcube.com/index.htm
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Video

• Most colors of the visible spectrum can be
  constructed from three primary colors
• Red, Green, Blue RGB
• Each uses an 8 bit representation
• 256 levels of each color
• Total 24 bit 16 million colors

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Video

• Another way to represent color is using YUV
• Y is the luminance
• UV are the chrominance of the image
• UV are weighted sums of RGB
• The reason is the human eyes are more sensitive
  to Y than UV. More accuracy can be delegated to Y

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Video

• Frame rate 12, 15, 25, 30 frames/sec
• NTSC video uses 30 frames / sec
• NTSC has 43 aspect ratio
• Length/height AR
• 1, 1.33, 1.66, 1.85, 2, 2.5 etc.
• http//cdi.byu.edu/examples/quicktime/aspect.html
• Estimate the file size of an uncompressed video,
  800 x 1600, 2 hr, 30frames/sec, true color, CD
  quality 6 channel surround sound.

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• Finish your notes. Save them and put them into
  your 3 ring notebook/manual.
• Using Power Point, create an animated MAP of a
  multimedia application. Use action settings and
  animated GIFS. Have at least one animated gif
  that you created yourself.
• Present your power point for grading.