Intentional Cognition, Learning Styles,

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Intentional Cognition, Learning Styles,
Motivation(EFL 537 CALL)

• Hui Sun Roh (Sunny)
• Shu Ping Cheng (Anne)
• Chao Yin Lin (Lillian)

Professor Lyra Riabov
February 16, 2006
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distracted, uninterested
group work (-), kinesthetic(-)
tired, bored
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People are different from each other.
Culture
Individual differences
(genes dispositions)
Societies
Families
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• In learning, different people have different
  learning styles.

Matching teaching styles student learning
styles affect student learning, motivation,
attitudes toward language learning.
This is why teachers need to understand student
learning styles as well as their teaching styles.

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- Table of Contents -
Introduction Theory Research Learning Styles,
Motivation, the CALL Classroom
Classroom Practice Enhancing Extending
Learning Styles through Computers
The Internet for English Teaching Guidelines for
Teachers CALL Issues Multicultural Consideratio
ns in a CALL Environment Conclusion
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Theory Research Learning Styles, Motivation,
the CALL Classroom
Presented by Hui Sun Roh (Sunny)
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• What are learning styles?

What types of Learning Styles are there?
How can we assess student leaning styles?
Why understanding of learning styles is
important to teachers?
How can computers multimedia help teachers
address multiple learning styles?
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What are learning Styles?

• Reid (1987)
• Learning style is an individuals natural,
  habitual, preferred way of absorbing,
  processing and retaining new information and
  skills

How students approach learning, not how well
they learn.
No single style is better or worse than any
other. Everyone can learn we just learn
differently. by Dunn (1996)
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What types of Learning Styles are there?

• Cultural Leaning Styles

- Different cultures tend to have different
learning styles preferences.
Individual Leaning Styles
- More than 20 styles have been identified
research indicates that individual learners can
have 6-14 strongly preferred styles at the same
time.
- Cognitive, affective, perceptual,
physiological dimensions
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• Cultural Leaning Styles

Cultural Learning Styles can affect learners in
a variety of ways.
International or immigrant students may be at
risk because their preferences may often differ
significantly from those of native students.
Teaching approaches methods developed in one
society may have unexpected effects when
transplanted to foreign soil (collaborative vs.
individual).
Teachers need to be aware of different cultural
learning styles and show them respect. Also, they
need to help them adjust to new classroom
environment.
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• Individual Leaning Styles

(cognitive, affective, perceptual physiological
Dimensions)
Cognitive Dimension
The overlap among, field independent, analytic,
reflective dimension is apparent.
The effectiveness of a learning style depends
very much on the context.
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Affective Dimension
The aspects of personality (attention emotions)
that influence what a learner will pay attention
to in a learning situation.
Conceptual Level
- the degree of structure that a person needs to
learn effectively. e.g.) A low conceptual level m
ay need a high structured learning environment.
Locus of Control
- Introverted learners feel responsible for their
own behavior and prefer to explore on their own.
- Extroverted learners feel that responsibility
is collective (group work / role play).
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Perceptual Dimension
One or a combination of up to three possible
perceptual channels- auditory, visual,
kinesthetic (tactile)- through which learners
extract information from the environment.
Physiological Dimension
Learning preferences predicated by biological
differences- gender reaction to the physical
environment (noise, temperature, light)
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How can we assess student leaning styles?

• Myers-Briggs type Indicator (1985)
• measures both the cognitive affective
  dimensions.
  
• The characteristics of each indicator
• Jung Typology Test
• 16 Types

Perceptual Learning Style Preference
questionnaire (by Joy Reid)
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Why understanding of learning styles is
important to teachers?
Korean Culture
INTP
Bright light
Field independent
Warm temperature
Less Noisy
Analytic
Visual
reflective
Auditory
Introverted
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• Individual learners can have 6-14 strongly
  preferred styles. Also, they have weakness at the
  same time.
  

Learning styles can change with time context.
Teachers can help students reinforce their
strengths and develop weaknesses.
Students benefit most from a teachers
understanding of learning styles when as many
domains as possible are integrated into the
instruction.
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How can computers multimedia help teachers
address multiple learning styles?
Multimedia- a program or information environment
that uses computers to integrate text, graphics,
images, video, audio
Multimedia lessons appear to be able to address a
large number of learning styles simultaneously.
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Reflective
Kinesthetic (tactile)
Impulsive
Visual
Introverted (individual)
Auditory
The Call environment can be highly motivating
for students of all learning styles.
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Enhancing and Extending Learning Styles Through
Computers

• Presented by Shu-Ping (Anne) Cheng
• Instructor Prof. Lyra Riabov
• Date Feb.16.2006

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Why strategy training is important?

• Raising students confidence to learn from a
  multitude of learning activities.
  
• Training learners to be mindful of their
  individual strengths and weaknesses in learning.

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Teachers duty

• Addressing learner styles
• ?Creating learner profiles
• ?Using information organizer

?Note-taking ? Group Presentation ? Reflection

Q. Will you prepare different teaching materials
for the students who have different learning
styles in your class?

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Integrating software use for different learning
styles

• Linguistic
• Logical mathematical
• Spatial
• Musical
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal

Software Computer Internet
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Linguistic learning style

• Likes to
• Read, write, tell stories,
• create presentation
• ?Authoring Program
• HyperStudio
• ?Interactive simulation
• A House Divided The Lincoln-Douglas
  Debate

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Logical mathematical learning style

• Likes to
• work with numbers, classify and categorize,
• ask questions, reason things out by
  exploring
  
• patterns and relationships.
• ?Information organizer
• TimeLiner
• ?Application requiring problem solving with
  critical inquiry
  
• The Lost Mind of Dr. Brain

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Spatial learning style

• Likes to
• Draw and design things, think using images,
• work on puzzles, watch movies, play with
  machines.
  
• ? Concept mapping tool
• Inspiration
• Planning and design-oriented simulation
• SimTown
• Tool for graphic presentation of knowledge
• Microsoft PowerPoint

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Musical learning style

• Likes to
• Listen to music, sing and hum tunes,
• play an instrument, use rhyme to aid
  memory.
  
• ?Music-oriented electronic library
• Juilliard Music Adventure
• ?Interactive software with music
• Opening Night
• ?Creative multimedia tool
• The Multimedia Workshop

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Bodily-Kinesthetic

• Likes to
• Move around, touch and talk, use body
  language,
  
• be involved in creative role plays.
• ?Adventure simulation
• The Amazon Trial
• ?Exploration-invention software
• Widget Workshop
• ?Software involving hand-on exploration
• Interactive Nova Earth

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Interpersonal learning style

• Likes to
• Talk to people, develop social skills, work
  in groups, share ideas and experiences.
  
• ?Decision-making simulation
• ?Software involving exploration of social
  issues
  
• Discovering America
• ?E-mail key pal activities

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Intrapersonal learning style

• Likes to
• Work alone, work at own pace, pursue own
  interests
  
• ?Electronic library
• The Electronic Bookshelf
• ?Self-paced tutorial
• The Amazing Writing Machine
• ?Reflection on and exploration of
  relationships
  

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The reasons for using Internet in language
teaching

• The linguistic nature of on-line communication is
  desirable for promoting language learning.
  
• It creates optimal conditions for learning to
  write.
  
• It can increase students motivation.
• Learning computer skills is essential to
  students future success.

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Guidelines for Teachers

• 1Consider carefully the goals
• ?teach students new computer skills
• ?teaching writing
• 2Think integration
• ?how to integrate online connections into the
  class.
  
• 3Dont Underestimate the complexity
• ? students computer ability.
• ? the equipment.

student
Teacher
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Guidelines for Teachers

• 4Provide necessary support
• ?Creating detailed handout.
• ?Building technology training sessions.
• ?Assigning students to work in groups.
• ?Providing details about how, why, when,
  and where that students can use what they
  learned.
  
• ?Being available to help students.
• 5Involve students in decisions
• ?coordinating group planning, focusing
  students attention on linguistic aspects, and
  assisting students in developing their learning
  strategies.

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Beginning
Later
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CALL Issues Multicultural Considerations in a
CALL Environment
Presented by Chao Yin Lin (Lillian)
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Multicultural Considerations in a CALL Environment

• ?Multiculturalism multicultural elements in
  call contexts
  
• ?Benefits of sensitivity to multicultural
  elements in CALL
  
• ? People who have not been exposed to other
  cultures are often not vary aware of their own
  culture
  
• ? the multicultural considerations involved in
  evaluating the implements used in CALL
  

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Multiculturalism Multicultural Elements in CALL
Contexts

• ? What is multicultural?
• - a term to remind us that culture is more
  than one culture
  
• - defined as the element to consider in call
  context
  

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Multiculturalism Multicultural Elements in CALL
Contexts

• ?Contexts Students Teachers Target Language
  objectives
  

• - student factor
• -- the students age
• -- the students ability of native language
• - teacher factor
• -- language proficiency of teachers

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Multiculturalism Multicultural Elements in CALL
Contexts

• ?Contexts Students Teachers Target Language
  objectives

• - target language objectives
• -- grammar, writing, or pronunciation
• -- the course required by specific organization
  
  
• -- students goal

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Benefits of sensitivity to multicultural elements
in CALL

• ?Benefits Respect Sensitivity
• --from teacher
• --from student
• ?Benefits
• - Students may gain self-confidence
• - Comparison Awareness of ones own
  culture
  
• People who have not been exposed to other
  cultures are often not very aware of their own
  culture

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• The multiple cultures reflected in the language
  taught and students learning through technology
  
• CALL may help to bridge the distance from one
  culture to others by the interaction between
  instructors, software, internet and students.

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The Multicultural Considerations in A CALL
Environment

• The fourteen questions to examine the software
  and websites involved in class
  
• A Website Example BBC World Service-English
  learning
  
• Evaluation Example
• -Software Evaluation
• -Website Evaluation

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• Different people have different learning styles.
  They have strong learning preferences and
  weaknesses.

Teachers need to understand student different
learning preferences and be aware of their
teaching styles.
Limitation challenges to assess student
learning styles(-) - student level of literacy t
o understand questionnaire for assessing learning
styles. - Validity reliability of assessment to
ol - The number of students other paper work
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By integrating diverse learning styles in
teaching instruction, teachers maximize students
learning benefits increase student learning
motivation.
Multimedia and CALL activities help develop
diverse learning styles.
Integrating software use for different
learning styles
Evaluating software based on cultural
sensitivity when deciding to use
Teaching goals, student needs, materials and
technology available
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Discussion

• As a student, have you experienced a teacher
  whose teaching style did not match your learning
  style? As a teacher, have you experienced
  students whose learning styles did not match your
  teaching style? Did that affect your teaching,
  learning and/or motivation?

In our multicultural classroom, have you been
aware of cultural differences in learning styl
es?
How can we use traditional teaching methods (no
computer and Internet) to serve the students who
have different learning styles? Does CALL make it
easier to address different learning styles?
Which questions will you focus on when you
evaluate the cultural sensitivity of a website or
software? Why?