Periodic Table of the Elements

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Periodic Table of the Elements
Its all about PATTERNS!
Kristin Dykstra and Bill Howard Hopkinton
Middle School
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Periodic Table
A chart of the elements based on the periodic
properties of the elements
periodic regular, repeated pattern

• days of the week

• phases of the moon

• seasons

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Hello Children
Dmitri Mendeleev Father of the Periodic Table
1869

• serious solitaire player
• wrote all elements on cards and recognized
  patterns of physical and chemical properties
• even predicted existence of elements yet to be
  discovered
• compares well with modern periodic table

Properties of the elements recur in regular
cycles (periodically) when the elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic weight
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Mendeleevs Periodic Table
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Modern Periodic Table
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An elements properties can be predicted from its
location in the periodic table.
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The Periodic table is arranged into seven periods
and eighteen groups.
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Period
A row, or horizontal line of elements.
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7 PERIODS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Elements within a period have different
properties. They slowly change as you go left to
right
But there is a pattern to the change
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Group
A set of elements arranged vertically, in columns.
Also called Chemical Family
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Zig-Zag Line
Separates the metals from the non-metals in the
table.
B Al Si Ge As Sb Te Po At
nonmetals
metals
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Physical Properties of Metals

• hardness

Pure gold is very soft.

• shininess- ability to reflect light

Polished gold is very shiny.

• malleability- ability to be pounded into shape

An ounce of gold can be hammered out to 100
square feet!

• ductility- ability to be drawn out into wire

An ounce of gold can be drawn into five miles of
wire!

• conductivity- ability to transmit heat or
  electricity

Gold is used for high quality electrical
connectors

• magnetism

Gold is not attracted by a magnet
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Chemical Family
A group of elements with similar chemical
properties.
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Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals
but is really in a group by itself
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Alkali Metals (Group 1)

• very soft can be cut with plastic knife

• single valence electron

• never found as pure element in nature

• react explosively with water

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Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)

• 2 electrons in outer energy level

• very reactive, though not as crazy as alkali
  metals

• Never found as pure elements in nature

• gray-white color

• fairly hard

• good conductors

Magnesium adds the brilliant white to fireworks
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Transition Metals Groups 3-12

• most familiar metals copper silver, iron, ect

• bridge very reactive metals on left and less
  reactive metals on right

• ductile and malleable

• conduct electricity and heat

• share similar properties

• valence electrons are present in more than one
  shell

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Gold has only one electron in its outer energy
level
but can lie under the ocean for hundreds of years
without corroding!
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Other Metals

• aluminum and lead are most familiar

• ductile and malleable

• not very reactive resist corrosion

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Metalloids

• straddle zig-zag line

• properties of both metals and nonmetals

• silicon is a semiconductor

conducts electricity under certain conditions
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Nonmetals
Found to the right of the zig-zag line
Many are very common and important to life

• most are dull

• brittle not malleable or ductile

• poor conductors of heat and electricity

• many are gases at room temperature

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Halogen Family Group 17

• 7 valence electrons

• very reactive

• most are dangerous to humans

• halogen means salt former

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The Noble Gases Group 18
The Snobs

• outer energy levels are full

• very stable and nonreactive

helium
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Lanthanides and Actinides
(Rare Earth Elements)
Listed below table to save space

• very good conductors

• soft, malleable, shiny

americicium use in smoke detectors
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Work Cited
http//www.chemicalelements.com.
http//dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Gallery/Galler
y9.html
http//www.msnbc.com/news/2081492.jpg
http//www.goldinstitute.org/facts
http//www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements
/011/index.s7.html
http//129.93.84.115/Chemistry/Commercial_Software
/GIFs/oxygensfit2_bits_8.GIF
http//www.rentrain.com/resources/Helium20Safety.
jpg
http//www.fitt-signs.co.uk/neon.htm