DNA Project

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DNA Project cybernetics and dissection
By Group 2
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Overview

• What is PCR?
• How we extracted our DNA
• How we copied our DNA
• Our results
• Cybernetics
• Dissection

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What is PCR?

• PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction
• It was discovered in 1985 by the American
  scientist Kary Mullis, who later won the nobel
  prize for it
• This is a method used to copy a specific region
  of DNA to produce millions of copies of identical
  DNA.
• Its used in forensics to amplify a small sample
  of DNA so it can be investigated and tested as it
  could be used for evidence.

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How we extracted and copied our DNA

• Rinse mouth for 1 min.
• Transfer 1ml into a centrifuge tube (1.5ml)
• Spin for 5mins
• Pour off liquid and keep pellet of cells
• Add 0.5ml of Chelex resin and mix.

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• Put in boiling water for 10mins
• Spin again for 1min
• In a small centrifuge tube containing a bead add
  5µl primer Wallace
• 5µl primer Gromit
• 5µl DNA solution
• 10µl water
• Mix the sample and spin for another minute to get
  the liquid together in the tube.
• Place the tube in the PCR machine and cycle.

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Our Results

• We carried out a process called Gel
  Electrophoresis
• We had a ruler which we could compare to our
  DNA results.
• The gel was stained with Azure A, which is blue,
  and was left to stand then washed off.
• Then we had our DNA.

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Cybernetics

• Cybernetics are the controls used in Robots to
  help them adapt to the human environment. It also
  involves creating virtual games.

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What happened

• When looking at Cybernetics, we had to look at
  different areas. One area was a game stimulator
  where you held on to a system which allowed you
  to control the game. Then there was The Cave in
  which was a virtual reality cave. It allowed you
  to walk around a computerized version of the
  campus and to place body parts on a computerized
  skeleton.

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Group 2

• Animal dissection
• WARNING CONTAINS GRAPHIC IMAGES!!

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• Aim- to examine the organs of a still born lamb
  to determine what the likely cause of death was.
• Methods- cut body open. Remove and examine organs
  to see if there is any signs showing what the
  cause if death is.
• Results- there were some abnormal signs for
• example some of the organs were still fused to
  the
• ribs. Also the liver was strangely dark red. This
  could have indicated
• excess blood. The skull was deformed and the
  colour of the brain
• wasnt normal. The size of the lamb was
  abnormally large for its age.
• Though there was quite a bit of evidence we
  couldnt come to definite
• conclusion .

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The Authors

• Steph Ashenden
• Aosaf Basra
• James Bushby
• Chelsea Cook
• Mary Enriquez
• Grace Friend
• Katie Risby