Fuels For Schools General Air Quality Considerations

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Fuels For SchoolsGeneral Air Quality
Considerations

• Diane R. Lorenzen, P.E.
• Montana Department of Environmental Quality
• October 17, 2007

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Air Quality Topics

• Emissions Estimates
• Criteria Air Pollutants
• Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)
• Is an Air Quality Permit Required?
• Ambient Air Impacts
• Non-attainment Areas

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Criteria Air PollutantsRegulated by Air Quality
Standards

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
• Particulate Matter lt 10 µm (PM10)
• Particulate Matter lt 2.5 µm (PM2.5)
• Ozone, regulated as Volatile Organic Compounds
  (VOC)
• Lead (Pb) also a HAP

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Criteria Pollutant Emissions ComparisonPotentia
l to Emit (PTE) Tons of pollutant per year
(tpy)19 MMBtu/hr boiler (heat input)
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Example HAP Emissions2 MMBtu/hr Wood-fired Boiler
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PM10 Emissions Comparison
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Boiler Stack and Buildings
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Building Downwash
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Ambient Air Quality Boundary

• Industrial Facility

School Yard
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Stack Height Considerations

• Minimize building downwash effect
• Good Engineering Practice Stack Height (GEP)
• gt 2.5 times adjacent building height

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Sample Boiler Modeling Results
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Non-Attainment Areas
Wood Smoke is a primary contributor to PM2.5
impacts in Montanas mountain valleys.
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Locating a Project in a Non-attainment Area

• Contact state and local regulatory authorities at
  the beginning of planning
• Consider the effects of NAA restrictions on
  boiler operation and project economics

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Source http//www.fuelsforschools.org
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Open Burning vs. Fuel Boiler
Source http//www.fuelsforschools.org
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Carbon Dioxide
Source http//www.fuelsforschools.org
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Burning Seasons in Montana
Heating Season Open Burning Prohibited General
Open Burning Fall Regulated Burning Fire Season
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
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Montana DEQ Air Quality Contacts

• Air permitting, emissions estimation and stack
  height
• Deb Skibicki [phone]
• Non-attainment Area information
• Bob Habeck [phone]