England and France Develop

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England and France Develop

• Pages 393-397

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Early Invasions

• Britain was battered by fierce raids of Danish
  Vikings
• Alfred the Great, Anglo-Saxon king from 871 to
  899, managed to turn back the Viking invaders
• He and his successors called the kingdom the
  land of the Angles (England)
•   In 1016, the Danish king Canute conquered
  England, molding Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into
  one people

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The Norman Conquest

• Invader was William, duke of Normandy, who became
  known as William the Conqueror
• Normandy is in Northern France
• Normans were descended from the Vikings, but they
  were French in language and in culture
• William claimed the English Crown and was opposed
  by Anglo-Saxon Harold Godwinson

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Battle of Hastings

• On October 14, 1066
• Harold killed with an arrow through his eye
• Normans win a decisive battle
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/launc
  h_gms_battle_hastings.shtml

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Monarchs, Nobles, and Common Law

• Eleanor of Aquitaine was married to Louis VII
  marriage annulled
• Married Henry II brought French land
• Henry strengthened royal courts introduced jury
  trials over time Common Law was established
• Common Law laws used throughout the kingdom
  basis for the laws of the U.S.

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The Magna Carta

• Henry was succeeded by Richard the Lionhearted
• When Richard died his younger brother takes the
  throne
• He was cruel to his subjects and tried to squeeze
  money out of them. He alienated the Church and
  threatened to take away town charters
  guaranteeing self-government. John raised taxes
  to an all-time high to finance his wars. His
  nobles revolted.

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The Model Parliament

• Edward I was having trouble holding his French
  territory he needed money
• Edward called for all the towns and boroughs to
  send representatives to create a legislative body
• Commoners were included as well
• Two houses House of Lords (knights, nobles,
  bishops), House of Commons (commoners)

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Capetian Dynasty, France Separates

• France was divided into approximately 47 feudal
  territories
• Carolinian Dynasty ended with Louis the Sluggard
  in 987
• Succeeded by Hugh Capet
• Controlled a small feudal kingdom that included
  Paris
• Power from controlling major trade routes in
  France

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Phillip II Expands His Power

• Phillip II became king when he was 15
• His father lost land to Henry II of England
• Phillip had little success against Henry II or
  Richard the Lionhearted
• He was successful against King John
• The French seized Normandy (Northern France)
  France tripled in size under Phillip II
• He established royal officials called bailiffs
  who presided over the kings courts and collected
  taxes

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Phillip IIs Heirs

• Louis the Pious ideal king
• Made a saint by the Catholic Church
• Created Frances appeals court
• Phillip IV argued with the pope over control of
  the church in his kingdom
• First to involve commoners in meetings with the
  king and nobles

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Estates-General

• First Estate The Church leaders
• Second Estate The great lords
• Third Estate The commoners, wealthy landholders
  or merchants,
• As a whole they were known as the Estates-General
• Democracy continued to develop in France and
  England

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