Introduction to Data Warehousing

1
????? ??????

• ????? 2 ????? ?????? ?? ?????

2
Reminder

• The purpose of a data warehouse is to expose
  business information for use by decision makers
  in the organization.
• A data warehouse containing hundreds of millions
  of pieces of data is of no use to a decision
  maker without tools to assist in the analysis and
  evaluation process.
• These analysis tools can vary from simple reports
  to sophisticated data mining algorithms.

3
??????? ???????
?????? Data
?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????
?????????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???????
????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? (????? ?????)
????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??
?????? ??? ???? ??????.
4
??????? ???????
?????? Data
???? Information
???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ????"?, ?????
??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? Total Lost
??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.
5
??????? ???????
?????? Data
???? Information
??? Knowledge
??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????.
6
??????? ???????
?????? Data
???? Information
??? Knowledge
??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????,
???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
??????? ????.
7
??????? ???????
?????? Data
???? Information
??? Knowledge
????? Decision
?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????
??????? ????? ??????.
8
What is Business Intelligence?

• The processes, technologies, and tools needed to
  turn data into information and information into
  knowledge plans that drive profitable business
  action.

9
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????

• ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
  ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?????.
• ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ????"?, ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??
  ?????, ???? ????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???'.

10
????? ?????? ????? ?????

• ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???
  ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? -gt ????? ????"?.
• ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? -gt ????? ?? ?????.
• ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??"?
  ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? -gt ??? ?????
  ??????.

11
????????
12
Statisticians

• There are typically only a handful of
  sophisticated analysts Statisticians and
  operations research types in any organization.
• Though few in number, they are some of the best
  users of the data warehouse those whose work can
  contribute to the profitability of the company.
• It is vital that these users come to love the
  data warehouse.
• Usually that is not difficult these people are
  often very self-sufficient and need only to be
  pointed to the database and given some simple
  instructions about how to get to the data and
  what times of the day are best for performing
  large queries to retrieve data to analyze using
  their own sophisticated tools.

13
Knowledge Workers

• A relatively small number of analysts perform the
  bulk of new queries and analyses against the data
  warehouse.
• Their queries and reports typically get published
  for the benefit of the Information Consumers.
• Knowledge Workers are often deeply engaged with
  the data warehouse design and place the greatest
  demands on the ongoing data warehouse operations
  team for training and support.

14
Information Consumers

• Most users of the data warehouse are Information
  Consumers
• They will probably never compose a true ad hoc
  query. They use static or simple interactive
  reports that others have developed.
• Do not neglect these users! This group includes a
  large number of people.

15
Executives

• Executives are a special case of the Information
  Consumers group.
• Few executives actually issue their own queries,
  but an executive's slightest musing can generate
  a flurry of activity among the other types of
  users.

16
????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????

• ????? ????? (Verification) ????? ???? ????
  ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??
  ????? ?? ?????.
• ????? ????? (Discovery) ????? ???? ???? ?????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???.

17
???? ?????? ??????

• ?????? ??"???
• ??? ????? ?? ?????
• ??? ????? ??????

18
Simple predefined summary reports

• Simple predefined summary reports can provide
  managers with periodic or on-demand snapshots of
  the state of the business at a point in time.
  More sophisticated reports can display trends of
  predetermined business variables.
• Such reports are useful and have historically
  been produced from online transaction (OLTP)
  systems. To capture up-to-the-minute status,
  snapshot detail and summary reports must continue
  to be produced from the data source systems.

19
Reports - Disadvantages

• Managers cant do it by their own.
• Producing the report takes time.
• Predefined reports serve their specific purposes
  well but are not suited to explorative analysis.
  Analysts want to discover trends and anomalies in
  the data and explore various areas of the data to
  find the sources of these trends and anomalies

20
????? ?????? ?? ?????

• ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ??? ?????.
• ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????
  ???????

21
?????? ???????

• ????? ?? ??? ???"? ?????????

?????
??????
22
??????
23
??????? ???????
24
The Cube - Properties

• A data warehouse cube is defined by any number of
  dimensions (it is not limited to three)
• Dimension can be organized into any number of
  levels.
• The cells are facts. Facts correspond to the
  cross product of each dimension of the cube.
• The fact can show a measure of something like 120
  units sold or 960.00 in sales.

25
??? ?? ????? ?? ??????

• ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????
  ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???
  ???? ???? ?? ?????.
• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??????
• ??????
• ????
• ??????
• ??????

26
?????? 1 ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ????? ?????
27
?????? 2 ?????? ???????
28
?????? ?? ?????

• Roll up (drill-up) summarize data
• by climbing up hierarchy or by dimension
  reduction
• Drill down (roll down) reverse of roll-up
• from higher level summary to lower level summary
  or detailed data, or introducing new dimensions
• Slice and dice
• project and select
• Pivot (rotate)
• reorient the cube.

29
Operations
30
Drill-Down and Roll-up
31
Tool 1 Pivot Table of Excel
32
Tool 2 Data Analyzer
33
???? ?????

• Product Guide

34
USING THE WEB