The Gas Laws

1
The Gas Laws
-_________ ________ provides a ______ that
explains the properties of ________, _________,
and ______ in terms of __________ that are
always in ________ and the ________ that exist
between them
I. Kinetic Theory
-actual gases dont always obey, but ___________
the ____________made by the _________ ________
2
The Gas Laws
II. Boyles Law
-the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with
the _________, providing the ___________ is held
________
If a sample of Argon gas occupies a volume of
10.0 liters at a pressure of 200 kilopascals, at
what pressure would the same sample of gas
occupy 5.0 liters, if the temperature remains
constant?
3
The Gas Laws
II. Boyles Law
If a sample of Carbon dioxide gas occupies a
volume of 35.0 liters at a pressure of 1.10
atmospheres, what volume would the same sample of
gas occupy at 1.25 atmospheres, if the
temperature remains constant?
4
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
-the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with
the ___________, providing the _________ is held
________
If a sample of Chlorine gas occupies a volume of
250 milliliters at a temperature of 22C, what
volume would the same sample of gas occupy at
-22C, if the pressure remains constant?
5
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
1. Hypothesis What is the relationship between
volume and temperature
of a gas?
2. Prediction
3. Gather Data
A. Safety
1. Be careful not to drip or splash hot
vegetable oil on yourself. Goggles
mandatory, aprons recommended.
2. Capillary tubes break easily. Be cautious of
broken, jagged ends.
6
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
3. Gather Data
B. Procedure
1. Assemble thermometer/capillary tube apparatus
by carefully wrapping rubber bands around
both to hold the capillary tube to the
thermometer, arranging the open end toward
the bulb of the thermometer, just short of the
end.
7
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
3. Gather Data
B. Procedure
2. Immerse the capillary tube on the
thermometer completely under the surface of
the hot oil bath. Allow the temperature on
your thermometer to reach 140C. Then, lift
the thermometer from the oil bath, pausing for
5 seconds to allow oil to rise up into the
tube.
3. Carry the tube/thermometer assembly back to
your lab table, being careful to catch the
drips of hot oil on a paper towel. Lay the
thermometer on a sheet of paper towel. Mark
the position of the oil plug. Take note of the
temperature. As the air in the tube cools,
mark the position of the oil plug as it
moves along the tube on the
8
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
3. Gather Data
B. Procedure
3. paper towel. With each mark on the paper
towel recording the position of the oil
plug, record the temperature at the time the
mark was made. Take as many
position/temperature readings as possible, until
the thermometer reads room temperature (about
23C).
4. Plot data on Excel spreadsheet and graph
results.
9
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
Temperature (in C)
Length (in mm)
4. Analyze Data
10
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
Temperature (in C)
Length (in mm)
4. Analyze Data
5. Draw Conclusions
11
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
-_________ _____ is the _______ possible
theoretical temperature, equal to _________, and
is the ___________ at which the ________ of a
sample of gas is _____, and all ________,
__________ movement of particles ________
-the coldest _______ temperature is _______, or
_________, the temperature of ______ _______
12
The Gas Laws
III. Charless Law
If a sample of methane gas occupies a volume of
14.75 liters at a temperature of 68F, at what
temperature, in F, would the same sample of gas
occupy 16.00 liters, if the pressure remains
constant?
13
The Gas Laws
IV. Gay-Lussacs Law
-the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with
the ___________, providing the _________ is held
________
If the pressure in a propane tank is 965 mm Hg at
a temperature of 25C, what would the pressure in
the tank be at 50C, if the volume remains
constant?
14
The Gas Laws
IV. Gay-Lussacs Law
If the air pressure in an autoclave is 833 torr
at a temperature of 212F, at what temperature,
in F, would the air pressure be 900 torr, if the
volume remains constant?
15
The Gas Laws
V. Combined Gas Law
-the _______ of a gas is _________ proportional
to ________ and directly proportional to
___________, and ________ is __________
proportional to ____________
If the volume of a sample of Hydrogen sulfide gas
is 2.00 liters at a pressure of 110 kilopascals
and a temperature of 30.0C, what is the volume
of the same sample of Hydrogen sulfide, in
liters, at a temperature of 80.0C and a pressure
of 440 kilopascals?
16
The Gas Laws
V. Combined Gas Law
If a Helium-filled balloon at sea level has a
volume of 2.1 liters at a pressure of 0.998
atmospheres and a temperature of 36C, and it is
released and rises to an elevation at which the
temperature is 28C and the pressure is 0.900
atmospheres, what will be the new volume of the
balloon?
17
The Gas Laws
VI. Avogadros Principle
-______ ________ of gases at the same
____________ and _________ contain ______
numbers of ________
-one ______ of gas contains __________ particles
and occupies _______ at _________ temperature
and pressure, which is ______ and ________
How many molecules in 3.73 liters of ozone at STP?
18
The Gas Laws
VI. Avogadros Principle
What is the volume, in liters, of 0.881 moles of
Fluorine gas at STP?
How many moles of Nitrogen gas are in 2.00 liters
at STP?
What is the volume, in liters, of 5.0 kilograms
of methane at STP?
What mass, in grams, of Nitrogen dioxide occupies
15.50 liters at STP?
19
The Gas Laws
VII. Ideal Gas Law
-___________ Law, ________ Law, ________ Law,
and _____________ Law can be combined into one
mathematical statement called the
______________, which describes the relationship
among _________, ________, ____________, and the
number of ______ of a gas
-______ gases, as opposed to ______ gases, is
one in which the gas __________ take up no
______ and have no _______________ forces
between them, and so obey all of the gas laws
under all conditions
-______ gases obey the gas laws, except at
extreme conditions, like very ______ _______ and
very ____ ____________, or when the gas is very
______, like water, or when _________ are very
______, like butane
20
The Gas Laws
VII. Ideal Gas Law
How many moles of Hydrogen gas are contained in a
vessel with a volume of 3.0 liters at a
temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 1.50
atmospheres?
At what Celsius temperature would 2.49 moles of
Helium gas occupy 1.00 liters if the pressure was
143 kPa?
21
The Gas Laws
VII. Ideal Gas Law
What is the density of Carbon dioxide at standard
temperature and pressure?
What is the molar mass of a gas that has a
density of 1.09 g/L at a pressure of 1.02 atm and
a temperature of 25C? Which gas is it?
22
The Gas Laws
VIII. Gas Stoichiometry
What volume, in liters, of oxygen is required for
the complete combustion of 4.00 liters of propane
gas, if the pressure and temperature remain
constant?
What mass, in grams, of Ammonium nitrate is
required to produce 0.100 liters of Dinitrogen
monoxide at STP?