The Gas Laws

1
The Gas Laws

• Boyle
• Charles
• Gay-Lussac
• Avogadro
• Daltons
• Grahams Law

2
Boyles Law

• Pressure and Volume have an inverse relationship
  in gases
• P1V1 P2V2
• If temperature and particles is the same, if
  you increase pressure, the volume will decrease
  and vice versa

3
Charles Law

• Temperature and Volume have a direct relationship
• V1 V2
• T1 T2
• If P and n are constant, If you decrease the
  temperature, the volume will decrease.

4
Gay-Lussacs Law

• Direct relationship between pressure and
  temperature
• P1 P2
• T1 T2
• If the temperature increases, the pressure will
  increase as well and vice versa.

5
Avogadros Law

• At the same temperature and pressure, gases
  occupying the same volume must have the same
  number of PARTICLES
• The same number of collisions must be happening.
• V kn where k is a proportionality constant
• I mol of any gas _at_ STP 22.4 L

6
Gas Laws

• Boyles Law, Charles Law and Gay-Lussacs Law can
  be calculated independently from the COMBINED GAS
  LAW
• P1V1 P2V2
• T1 T2

7
Gas Laws

• Boyles Law
• P1 V1 P2 V2
• T1 T2

8
Gas Laws

• Charles Law
• P1 V1 P2 V2
• T1 T2

9
Gas Laws

• Gay Lussacs Law
• P1 V1 P2 V2
• T1 T2

10
Grahams Law

• Diffusion the movement of particles from
  regions of higher density to regions of lower
  density
• Effusion the passage of a gas under pressure
  through a tiny opening
• Grahams Law of diffusion the rate of diffusion
  of a gas is inversely proportional to the square
  root of the gass density
• Heavy molecules effuse and diffuse slower than
  smaller molecules

11
A given sample of gas occupies 523 mL at 1.00
atm. The pressure is increased to 1.97 atm,
while the temperature remains the same. What is
the new volume of the gas?
12
A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150.0 mL
at a pressure of 0.947 atm. What will the volume
of the gas be at a pressure of 1.000 atm if the
temperature remains constant?
13
A balloon is inflated to 665 mL volume at 27C.
It is immersed in a dry-ice bath at -78C . What
is its volume, assuming the pressure remains
constant?
14
Helium gas in a balloon occupies 2.5 L at 300.0K.
The balloon is dipped into liquid nitrogen that
is at a temperature of 80.0K. What will the
volume of the helium in the balloon at the lower
temperature be?
15
An airosol can containing gas at 101 kPa and 22C
is heated to 55C. Calculate the pressure in the
heated can.
16
At 122C the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is
1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205C
assuming constant volume?