STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAM

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STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAM

• For the Binational Basin of the Bermejo River

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General Characteristics

• Location
• Bolivia Departament of Tarija
• Argentina Provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Chaco and
  Formosa
• Watershed area 123,162 Km2
• River length 1,300 Km
• Population 1.2 million inhabitants
• Sediment charge 8kg/m3
• Total Discharge 100 million tons/year (80 of
  the sediment load of the Plata River)

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Eco-regiones Cuenca del Río Bermejo
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Institutional Framework
Binational Commission
Project Steering Committee
GEF-UNEP
GS/OAS

• BC Rep. Argentina
• BC Rep. Bolivia

• Nat. Director Argentina
• Nat. Director Bolivia

Executing Unit
Stakeholders NGOs Academic comm.
Nat. Directors Tech.Coordinators OAS, UNEP Spec.
Local Intl. Consultants Support Personnel
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Objectives

• Promote the sustainable development of the
  binacional basin of the Bermejo river
• Incorporating the environmental concerns into the
  national policies, plans and programs.
• Establishing a basin vision and integrated
  management of the natural resources,
• Promoting the establishment of regional
  coordination mechanisms and public participation
  and consultation

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FORMULATION PHASE (august/1997 to october/2000)

• The first phase of the Bermejo SAP, called
  FORMULATION, was outlined to identify priority
  transboundary environmental problems and
  formulate a Strategic Action Program, with a
  focus based on the concept of binacional basin.
• In function to it, a work plan was designed
  centered in five main areas
• 1. Elaboration of specific Basic Studies (22)
• 2. Formulation of projects (6)
• 3. Implementation of Demonstrative Pilot
  Projects(8)
• 4. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
• 5. Formulation of the Strategic Action Program

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Finals Documents of the Formulation Phase

• The technical teams of Bolivia and Argentina
  formulated three documents that are the basis for
  the next stage of implementation of Bermejo SAP
  
• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA)
• Strategic Action Program, long term
• Project Document (Project Brief), short term

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SAP LOGIC STRUCTURE
LONG-TERM (20 years) 136 PROJECTS US 470 MILLION
LONG-TERM SAP
TRANSBOUNDARYDIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS
SAP
catalyzes
SHORT-TERM SAP
SHORT TERM (4,5 years) 35 PROJECTS US 11.05
MILLION (w/GEF financing)

• ENDORSED/ W/STAKEHOLDER SUPPORT
• ORIENTED TO RESOLVE PRIORITY
• PROBLEMS
• CATALYZES IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-
• TERM SAP

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Transboundery Diagnostic Analysis

• The Transboundary Diagnosis presents an
  identification and characterization of the main
  Transboundary Environmental Problems of the basin
  
• Each Environmental Problem has been characterized
  and evaluated, taking into account the following
  aspects
• Symptoms and Effects
• Transboundary Manifestations
• Causes Direct and Basic

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Figure 1. CAUSAL CHAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR PRIORITY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Direct Causes (human origin)
Environmental Problems
Direct Causes (natural origin)
Common Basic Causes

• Destruction of vegetative cover by deforestation
  and overgrazing
• Clearing of land for agricultural activities

Soil Degradation
Adverse natural conditions (soil, topography,
geology, climate)
Water Resource Degradation

• Contamination by industrial and urban wastes
• Water misuse and contamination by agricultural
  and livestock activities

• Deficient political, legal, and institutional
  framework
• Poor inter-jurisdictional planning and
  coordination
• Inadequate community awareness, knowledge, and
  participation in sustainable resource management
• Deficient financial and support mechanisms
• Inadequate access to and application of
  sustainable technologies

• Rainfall seasonality
• Reduced water availability in the dry season
• High sediment load and fluviomorfologic dynamics
• High groundwater salinity contents

Water Scarcity and Availability Restrictions

• Inadequate water infrastructure
• Depletion of groundwater supplies

• Over-exploitation of forest resources
• Uncontrolled fishing and hunting activities
• Clearing of land for agriculture
• Inadequate agricultural practices
• Overgrazing
• Pollution of water sources

Loss of Biodiversity and Biotic Resources
Floods and Other Natural Hazard Events

• Urban expansion in flood-susceptible areas
• Agricultural activities in areas prone to
  flooding events
• Destruction of vegetative cover

• Extreme river highflows
• Extreme climatic events

Diminished Quality of Life and Endangered
Cultural Resources

• Unemployment and seasonal sub-employment
• Deficient health, sanitation and education
  services.

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Strategic Action Program - Long Term

• This document is the main product of the SAP
  first phase it describes the group of
  high-priority actions that both countries have
  coincided in identifying as necessary to address
  the main environmental problems
• It also establishes the institutional framework
  and it determines the financing needs for the
  selected projects.
• STRATEGIC ACTION AREAS
• - Soil Degradation
• - Water Scarcity and Use Restrictions
• - Water Resource Degradation
• - Loss Of Biodiversity And Biotic Resources
• - Floods And Other Natural Hazard Events
• - Diminished Quality Of Life and Endangered
  Cultural Resources

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IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSE-CHAIN RELATIONSHIPS
EFFECTS/ SYMPTOMS
TRANSBOUNDARY MANIFESTATIONS
STRATEGIC ACT IONS
PROJECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
DIRECT CAUSES
COMMON BASIC CAUSES
SPECIFIC BASIC CAUSES
SAP
TDA
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Project Document (project brief), short term

• The Project Brief is the beginning of the SAP
  implementation phase, it is conformed by studies,
  demonstrative projects and institutional actions,
  of short term, that on the whole represent the
  catalytic instrument for the implementation of
  the long term Strategic Action Program.
• The financing requested was approved by the GEF
  Council at the beginning of November/2000.
• Financing
• GEF US 11.04 millions
• Governments US 8.43 millions
• This Implementation Phase began on June/2001, it
  will have a 4.5 year duration.
• The components of the project have been selected
  to develop incremental activities and they have a
  character of support the efforts of the regional,
  national and binational institutions and in the
  implementation of the long term SAP

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SHORT-TERM SAP STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Institutional Strenghthening of the Binational
Commission
Development of Basin Institution
Planning System
Information System
Integrated Managment Program of Water Resources
Legal framework and implementation of economic
instruments
IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-TERM SAP us. 470
million 136 projects
Environmental Education and Awareness
Donor Roundtable Meeting
Public Participation

• Pilot Projects
• Soil management and Erosion Control
• Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
• Consolidation of Protected Areas
• Protection and rehabilitation of water quality.
• Carbon Fixation.

• Basic Studies
• - Land-use planning.
• Studies on Nat.Res.,
• Biodiversity and Water Resources.
• Consolidation of Protected Areas.

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Public Participation

• Besides being a specific activity of the program,
  the Public Participation is a work philosophy and
  an important component that gives support to the
  Bermejo SAP.
• Diversity of social actors government's
  institutions (national, subnationals and
  municipal), academic,NGOs, producers
  organizations and the projects beneficiaries.
• In the elaboration of the Transboundary
  Diagnostic Analysis participated more than 30
  institutions and 260 specialists of different
  disciplines
• More than a thousand people have contributed with
  their time and ideas during the different phases
  of the program
• Participation Mechanisms seminars and workshops,
  intergovernmental working group, work meetings,
  modern mechanism of communication (electronic
  mail, WEB page), interviews, surveys and
  community works

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SAP Formulation Methodology
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NUMBERS OF THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

• Workshop and Seminars 12
• - Argentina 4
• - Bolivia 8
• Participants 1.069
• Participation of institutions in the work program
  elements of the Formulation Phase 30
• Contracts executed during the SAP Formulation
  Phase
• - Experts/consultants 80
• - Institutions 20
• - Construction companies 4
• Participation of Specialist and Technicians 260
• Compilation of plans, programs and projects for
  the SAP 260

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Lessons Learned

• TDA/SAP process proved vital in the
  determination of priorities, identification of
  needed actions, and establishment of basin-wide,
  cross-sectoral support.
• Active stakeholder participation and information
  sharing are critical elements for sustainable
  natural resource management (pilot demonstration
  projects are essential component)
• The combined work carried out among technical
  teams, in 2.000 km. of distance, with divergent
  points of view and priorities, and the
  coordination with Washington DC and Nairobi
• The wide public participation
• Incorporation of local agencies and organizations
  into most project activities to the largest
  degree possible.

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Lessons Learned

• Regional Workshops have obtained by far the best
  response in terms of accumulated total number of
  participants (over 1000) that developed a very
  active participation in plenary and group
  activities during the meetings.
• Frequent and wide dissemination of Project
  information, progress and outputs has been
  welcomed by the recipients in the basin. However
  it was rather low the number of those who
  acknowledge receipt formally or provided comments
  or suggestions on the material. The same happened
  with the Web Site Forum.
• On the contrary, personalized interaction with a
  limited number of persons, as in the case of the
  Governmental Working Group established in
  Argentina integrated by representatives of the
  provincial governments, succeeds better in
  configuring a permanent consultation mechanism.
  

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DEMONSTRATIVE PILOT PROJECTS
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SEDIMENT CONTROL IN THE TOLOMOSA RIVER31 GABIONS
DIKES BUILTS IN 1998
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SEDIMENT CONTROL IN THE TOLOMOSA RIVER11 EARTHEN
DIKES BUILTS IN 1998
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USES OF STORED WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL
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Environmental Education (Formosa)
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN YUNGAS
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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
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IV workshop for the SAP Formulation (05/13/99).
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Workshop for the SAP Formulation
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Meetings with Stakeholders
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Community Work Meeting with stakeholders