Knowledge and Society

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Knowledge and Society
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Knowledge and Society

• Two Landmarks

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Knowledge and Society

• Agricultural Society 10,000 years
• Predominant occupation
• Process and progress-slow
• Simple social structure
• Cultivation of crop
• Animal husbandry
• Rural craft, folk arts and music
• Landowners

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Knowledge and Society

• Industrial Society 300 years
• GB to Western Europe
• Energy as main source
• New class-factory workers emerged
• Manufacturing and distribution
• Commerce and trade
• Shift of power and prestige
• Industrialists
• Change in standard of living

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Knowledge and Society

• Social Transformation
• Intellectual activity
• Research
• Innovative thinking
• Application of theories

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Knowledge and Society

• Knowledge Society - 100 years
• Human knowledge as source of power
• Post industrial society
• Third wave
• Information age
• Electronic era

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Knowledge and Society

• Main Observations of Knowledge Society
• Speed and rapidity
• Change affected each aspects of life of the
  people
• Advances in science and technology
• Computer and communication technologies-
• knowledge recording and dissemination
• Western societies
• Knowledge workers (new class)
• Power shifting

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Knowledge and Society

• Features of Knowledge Society
• 18th Century sporadic and slow (Individual)
• 20th century Fast (Corporate)
• Knowledge of individuals (tacit)
• Explicit knowledge
• Embedded knowledge

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Knowledge and Society

• Knowledge economy
• Fifth factor of production

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Knowledge and Society

• Characteristics
• Sharable, not exchangeable, and given away
• and retained
• Infinite and ever expanding, dynamic
• Expandable and increase with use
• Compressible, summarized, integrated
• Acquired at a definite measurable cost
• Value of info/knowledge depends on users
• (Continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Vary over time and unpredictable
• Consumption rate can be quantified
• Use of cost and accounting techniques
• and Sources of economic and political power

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Knowledge and Society

• Scope and Ramification of
• Information Economics
• Matchlup has identified 17 groups and 115 sub-
• groups

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Knowledge and Society

• Knowledge Economy at the Macro Level
• Issues of well being at national and
• international level
• Government
• Welfare of people
• Mobilises the resources
• Developing economic system
• Planned economy
• Mixed economy
• (Continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Economic Issues (formulating policy)
• Goals and target for national economic
• growth
• Priorities for investment
• Nationalisation
• Privatisation
• Production and distribution
• (Continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Economic Issues (formulating policy)
• Competition and monopoly
• National income
• GDP
• International trade
• Balance of payment
• Political and social factors

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Knowledge and Society

• Information and knowledge
• play vital role in resolving
• these issues

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Knowledge and Society

• Information economy
• Knowledge is capital
• Economic growth driven by accumulation of
• knowledge
• Diminishing return on land, labour and
• capital
• Information and knowledge becomes
• main producer of wealth

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Knowledge and Society

• Major components of national economy as per
  economy survey
• Information worker
• Information goods and services
• Emergence of information industry and new
• market
• Knowledge and Information infrastructure

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Knowledge and Society

• Knowledge economy at the micro level
• Uncertainty
• Risk
• Risk-aversion
• Information in market
• Buyer and seller information
• Value
• Cost
• Pricing of information
• Decision making

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Knowledge and Society

• Micro level in context to
• Institutions
• Firms
• Individuals
• Households

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Knowledge and Society

• Emergence of knowledge workers
• Information producers create new
• info./knowledge
• Information processors Receive and
• respond to info. inputs
• Information distributors initiator to recipient
• Information infrastructure installation,
• operation and repair

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Knowledge and Society

• Information and knowledge Industry -
• Product and services
• Content service
• Content package
• Facilitation services
• Information technologies
• Integrating technologies
• Communication technologies
• Communication channels
• Broadcasting channels

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Knowledge and Society

• Globalisation of trade, commerce and business
• Integration of World economy
• Free flow of trade and commerce
• Movement of persons
• ICT instruments for communication
• Affiliations
• Role of Public sector
• (continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Positive role of government
• e-commerce/BPO
• One economy and one market

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Knowledge and Society

• Policy, power structure and shiftPolicy issue
• Changing economy
• Investment
• New ideas
• Applications
• Products
• Services
• Obsolescence rate
• (Continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Importance of intangible v/s tangible
• Tangible building, transportation, road,
  machinery
• Intangible education, research, development,
  innovation
• Shift
• Information and knowledge
• Bargaining power

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Knowledge and Society

• Life and culture in a knowledge society
• High standard of living
• Instant access to I K through Internet
• Increasing trend towards consumerism
• Influence of mass media, leisure industry
• and show business
• Smart homes

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Knowledge and Society

• Impact on a few sectors
• Education and training
• Information support system

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Knowledge and Society

• Digital Divide
• Telephone, Internet, PC
• Rural v/s urban
• Educated v/s uneducated
• Between economic classes
• More and less industrially developed
• nations

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Knowledge and Society

• Keniston, identifies four divides
• Rich and poor
• Educated and uneducated
• Powerful and Powerless
• Linguistic and cultural
• English and non-English
• (Continue)

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Knowledge and Society

• Digital gap between rich and poor
• Emergence of new elite group

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Knowledge and Society

• The Indian Scenario
• Strong industrial economy using ICT

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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge management
• Management 20th century
• Management-in-practice
• Professionals - 15th and 16th century
• Interaction between workers and
• shareholders

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Knowledge Management

• Management
• Management publication
• Sub-branches
• Now Knowledge Management

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Knowledge Management

• Data, information and knowledge
• Knowledge relate to both
• Not interchangeable concepts

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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge Management
• The process of organizing and sharing the
• diverse forms of business information
• created within an organization. KM can
• include managing enterprise document
• libraries, intranet websites and other types
• of knowledge base.

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Knowledge Management

• Spiral of Knowledge
• Knowledge begins with individual
• Researcher insights lead to patent
• Middle managers intuitive sense of market trend
• leads to new product
• Shop floor workers come up with a new process
• innovation
• How to transform into organizational Knowledge

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Knowledge Management

• Four basic patterns for creating
• knowledge in any organization
• From Tacit to Tacit
• Case of Matsushitas Ikuko Tanaka apprentice
• and Osaka International Hotels chief baker
• (Learning from observation, imitation, and
• practice)
• Socialisation is rather limited form of
• Knowledge creation

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Knowledge Management

• From Explicit to Explicit
• Financial comptroller prepares a financial report
  by
• synthesizes explicit knowledge sources but does
• not really extend the companys existing
• knowledge base either.
• (continue)

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Knowledge Management

• From Tacit to Explicit
• Ikuko converts tacit knowledge into explicit by
• sharing with her project development team
• Comptroller, instead of merely compiling a
• conventional financial plan for his company,
• develops an innovative new approach to
• budgetary control based on his own tacit
• Knowledge
• Tacit and explicit knowledge interact then
  something powerful happens

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Knowledge Management

• From Explicit to Tacit
• Whats more, new explicit knowledge is shared
• throughout an organization, other employees begin
• to internalize it that is, they use it to
  broaden,
• extend and reframe their tacit knowledge.
• (continue)

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Knowledge Management

• The comptrollers proposal causes a
• revision of companys financial control
• system. Other employees accepted as a
• part of new system.

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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge creating company - A case of
  Matsushitas
• First Socialization Ikuko learns the tacit
• secret of the Osaka International backer.
• Second Articulation Ikuko translates
• these secrets into explicit knowledge by
• sharing with team members at Matsushita
• (Continue)

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Knowledge Management

• Third Combination The team standardize the
  knowledge in the form of manual or workbook and
  embodying in a product

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Knowledge Management

• Fourth Internationalisation Tanaka and her team
  members enrich their own tacit knowledge base.
  Home bread making machine is as good as that of a
  professional baker.

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Knowledge Management

• Type of Knowledge
• Core needs for daily operations
• Advanced competitively viable
• Innovative to lead the industry
• Tacit knowledge hard to formalize and
• communicate
• Explicit Knowledge Fully expressed or
• documented

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Knowledge Management

• Changing scenario and driving forces
• I K become the driving force for
  socio-economic Development level of nations
• Information economy to knowledge economy
• Rapid growth in I K intensive products and
  services
• Knowledge utilization in the production of
  traditional products
• Manual worker substituted by I K workers
• (Continue)

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Knowledge Management

• I K intensive organizations devoted to
  production, processing and distribution of
  knowledge based product
• Significance impact of the rapidly evolving
  ICTs on enterprise

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Knowledge Management

• KM helps organizations
• Sustain and enhance capabilities
• Quicker problem solving
• Better decision making
• Reduced RD cost
• Increased workers independence
• Enhanced customers relations
• Improved services to customers
• (Continue)

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Knowledge Management

• Perspective accelerated the KM
• Development of knowledge products
• Crucial and value adding knowledge
• KM for workers

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Knowledge Management

• KM System (KMS)
• Knowledge based systems that support the
• creation, organization and dissemination of
• business knowledge within organization.

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Knowledge Management

• Practical approach and strategies
• The organisation should develop the capacity to
  collect, store, and transfer knowledge and thus
  continuously transform itself for corporate
  success. Technology should be judiciously
  utilized to optimize both learning and
  productivity.

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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge subsystem
• Acquisition within and outside organization
• Creation new knowledge through
• problem solving , innovative programmes
• and converting tacit to explicit
• Storing coding and preserving of value-added
  knowledge for easy access

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Knowledge Management

• Transfer and utilization
• refers to the mechanical, electronic and
  interpersonal movement of information and
  knowledge throughout the organization as well as
  its application and use by members of the
  organization where ever they be located.

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Knowledge Management

• KM need consideration
• What I K are needed?
• Why they are needed, for what purpose?
• Where they may be found?
• How they be sourced and obtained?
• How it is to be processed?
• When, where and in what form and format the
• information is to be delivered?

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Knowledge Management

• KM process and other factors
• Cost
• Ability to tap knowledge
• Mapping the knowledge
• Knowledge growth
• Operations on knowledge
• Technology is to be used.

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Knowledge Management

• KM from two dimensional perspective involves
• Activities involved in building a learning
  organization, viz, creating, collecting,
  exchanging, using and internalizing knowledge for
  innovation and development.

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Knowledge Management

• KM second dimension
• Strategy for alignment of corporate and KM
  strategy
• Measurement of the benefits of KM
• Policy guidelines for KM provided by the
  organization
• (Continue)

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Knowledge Management

• Content subset of corporate knowledge base in
  electronic form
• Process includes the processes used by
• Employees to achieve the goals of the
• organization
• Technology includes the ICT elements used for
• KM
• Culture refers to the organizational
  environment

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Knowledge Management

• KM products
• This refers to a variety of software products
  that have been designed to overcome the
  information overload problem in KM products.
  These help to provide better quality of products
  and thus, improved services to users.

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Knowledge Management

• Data Mining and Text Mining
• Data Mining is a step within the KDD
• Data assets are processed and analysed
• Gain insight to assist decision marking

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Knowledge Management

• Steps to knowledge discovery
• Data selection of high quality
• Processing
• Transformation
• Data mining
• Interpretation
• Evaluation leading to discovery of new
• knowledge

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Knowledge Management

• Text Mining
• Content searching
• Using search engine
• Search term key word or string
• Retrieval according to ranking does not address
  the
• overload problem
• Difference between search and discovery
• Search engine
• Locate document
• Discovery engine
• Extract relevant textual data

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Knowledge Management

• Reasons for using text mining
• Enormous knowledge inside and outside the
  organisation

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Knowledge Management

• Knowledge profession
• Engineers
• Editors
• Analysts
• Navigators
• Gate Keepers
• Brokers
• Handyman
• Asset Manager