Fire

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Fire

• Its Causes and Prevention

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Principles of Fire Safety

• A fire can happen to you!
• A fire is dark!
• There is very little time!
• Smoke usually kills, not flames!
• A fires heat is intense
• You must have a plan!

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Types of Fires and Fire Extinguishers

• Type A - Burning wood, paper, or textile material
• Type B - Flammable liquids
• Type C - Electrical
• Type D - Combustible metals
• ABC Extinguisher
• Know how to use it
• Have it checked often
• Should have UL or FM (Factory Mutual) approval

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Class A
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Class A
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Class B
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Class B
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Class C
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Class C
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Class ABC
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Class ABC
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What type of fire extinguisher is this?
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Class D
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Elements of Combustion

• Combustion - The continuous, self-sustaining
  process in which fuel and oxygen molecules
  combine to yield heat, gas, smoke, and flame.
• Pyrolysis - chemical decomposition of matter
  through the action of heat
• Ignition temperature or kindling point - minimum
  temperature for fuel to be reached before it
  reacts with oxygen and begins to burn

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Elements of Combustion

• Four elements or conditions needed for
  combustion
• fuel
• heat
• oxygen
• chemical reaction

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Leading causes of residential fire deaths

• Cigarette ignition
• Heating
• Incendiary/suspicious
• Children playing
• Cooking
• Electrical
• All other causes

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Fire prevention in the home (1)

• Have rules regarding smoking
• Dont overload electrical circuits
• Make sure cords and wires are in good condition
• If you use wood stoves or fireplaces, make sure
  they are properly installed and maintained
• Rules for electric and kerosene heaters

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Fire prevention in the home (2)

• Keep smoking materials, including matches and
  lighters out of the reach of children
• Keep combustible materials away from kitchen
  stove and oven
• Turn pot and pan handles inward
• Dont accumulate combustible materials
• Be aware of spontaneous combustion and its causes

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Project EDITH (Exit Drills in the Home)

• Smoke detectors
• Floor plans and escape routes
• Alert others
• Stay low
• Check doors
• Keep smoke out if possible
• Have prearranged meeting place
• Once out, stay out
• Notify fire department

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RCA - Rescue, Confine, Alarm

• Used in larger buildings - hospitals, office
  buildings, universities
• Rescue - warn or rescue those in immediate smoke
  or fire danger
• Confine - close doors to prevent the spread of
  fire or smoke
• Alarm - operate nearest fire alarm or call fire
  department

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Fire detection devices

• Heat detectors - not for use in residences
• Photoelectric smoke detector
• Ionization chamber smoke detector
• Smoke detectors should be
• on each floor level
• away from vents
• maintained properly
• preferably near sleeping areas

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Using a fire extinguisher

• Time is important - use a fire extinguisher only
  in the first few minutes of a fire.
• Break seal, pull pin and test
• Aim low and about 6 to 10 feet away
• Aim extinguisher at base of the flame
• Use sweeping motion

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P.A.S.S.

• P Pull
• A Aim
• S Squeeze
• S Sweep

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Pull
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Aim
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Squeeze
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Sweep