Diapositiva 1

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Early research and new opportunities for
neurosciences and clinical research in inhalant
abuse at the National Institute of Psychiatry
MEXICO
Dr. Jorge J González Olvera
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Early research in Mexico

• 1975. Barroso Moguel R.
• Morphologic alterations induced by Inhalants.
• Source Cuadernos Científicos CEMEF. vol. 2  97-0
  6, Ene, 1975. 
• in Spanish

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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 1978. Costero I, Barroso-Moguel R. Microscopic
  alterations found in the CNS of albine cats and
  rats related with experimental intoxication by
  inhalation of industrial solvents (toluene and
  thinner) in Spanish

Cuadernos Científicos CEMESAM Agosto1978
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 1980. Barroso-Moguel R. Microscopic cerebellar
  lesions in humans, cats and rats produced by
  thinner and toluene In Spanish

Cuadernos Científicos CEMESAM, Vol 12, 1980
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Cerebellar cortex of a rat exposed to toluene.
Atrophy of molecular and granular layers.
Purkinjes cells scarce.. Rio Hortega method.
16x
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Cerebellar cortex of a subject with 5 years of
inhalant abuse. Granular layer is thin and
atrophic, only 5 Purkinjes cells, all injured.
Method Rio Hortega 20x.
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Cerebellar cortex of a subject who had 1 year of
inhalants abuse
Cerebellar cortex after aproximately 2 years of
inhalant abuse
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Cerebellar cortex, 23 y.o. man five years of
inhalant abuse. Parallel fibers totally
destoyed. Granular layer
Cerebellar cortex after four years of inhalant
abuse. Purkinjes cells absent.
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 1976. Fernandez-Guardiola A y cols. Changes in
  multiunitary activity of the cerebellar system
  produced by thinner and delta-9THC in Spanish

Cuadernos Científicos CEMESAM Marzo 1976
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 1978. Fernández-Guardiola A. Development of a
  Model for the study of solvent intoxication.
• in Spanish

Cuadernos Científicos CEMESAM Agosto1978
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 1978. Contreras C. Electrocorticographic,
  electromiographic and behavioral changes produced
  by experimental inhalation of toluene in rat. in
  Spanish

Cuadernos Científicos CEMESAM Agosto1978
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Early research in Mexico

• Fondo de Investigación sobre Inhalables (FISI)
• One cent out of every peso gained from selling
  solvents had to be used for research on inhalant
  related problems.

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Early research in Mexico

• 1990. Magos GA, Lorenzana Jiménez M, Vidrio H.
  Toluene and Benzene Inhalation Influences on
  Ventricular arrhyhtmias in the Rat.

Exposition time in chamber 5-45
min Concentrations expressed in mg\l and in
ppm (20,000 ppm).
Neurotoxicology and teratology.1990(12)119-124
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Early research in Mexico

• 1993. Clinical and pathological correlation of
  cocaine and thinner induced dementias in
  Spanish

Gaceta Médica de México, Vol. 129, No 1 , 1993
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 2002. Madrigal A. 3D Spectral EEG analysis of the
  effects of volatile industrial compounds on sleep
  and attention in the human being.
• 24 young addicts, five women and 19 men, with an
  average age of 21.5 years.
• An increase in total time of wake and delta sleep
  was observed in addict subjects, as well as a
  significant decrease of slow wave sleep II and
  rapid eye movement sleep.
• The average reaction time (RT) in the addicts
  group was of 419.9 114.7 milliseconds, while in
  the control group was of 277.6 94.2
  milliseconds.

Salud Mental, Vol. 25, No. 4, agosto 2002
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Early Research at the National Institute of
Psychiatry

• 2003. The Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) of
  adolescents that use inhalants.
• Lara MA, Galindo G, Romero, Judith
  Salvador, Mario Domínguez
• In Spanish

• 10 boys, 12 girls between 13-18 years old
• Inhalants as prefered drug, gt2 per week.
• Both, males and females, lower scores than
  parameters of normal population.

Salud Mental, Vol. 26, No. 6, diciembre 2003
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New Opportunities of research at the National
Institute of Psychiatry

• Brain imaging techniques
• Magnetic Resonance
• Morphological
• Functional
• Spectroscopy
• DTI
• SPECT
• Blood flow
• Ligand specific tracers (e.g. Dopamine
  agonists or antagonists)
• Electroencephalography
• Spectral analysis
• Event related potentials

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• SPECT
• CBF

rTMS, 2001.
Post
Pre
Post
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• EEG
• Spectral analysis
• Source analysis

Post
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Summary
Epidemiological and qualitative studies on
inhalant abuse
Histological studies
Sleep disturbances
1973
EEG
CV effects
2005
Brain Imaging studies (MRI, SPECT) EEG