ECOLOGY

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ECOLOGY
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Study of an Ecosystem

• Preparation
• Fieldwork
• Follow-up activities
• Report writing

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Preparation

• Learning objectives
• Advance planning
• Safety

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Quantitative Study
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Syllabus 1.5.3

• Quantitative Study of plants and animals of a
  sample area of the selected ecosystem

• Transfer Results to
• Diagrams
• Graphs
• Tables
• Histograms
• Other relevant mode

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Quantitative Study

• No. of organisms present

• Quadrat

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Quadrat

• A frame that forms a known area

• Usually square shaped

• Can be used to measure
• Frequency
• Cover

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Frequency

• The chance of finding a named organism within the
  sample area in a number of quadrats
• May be expressed as a percent of the total number
  of quadrats sampled

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Frequency Procedure

• Throw the quadrat randomly in the sample area
• Record the presence or absence of a named
  organism within each quadrat
• Repeat for a number of throws
• Tabulate results

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Frequency table
If percentage is required multiply frequency by
100
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Frequency Procedure

• Throw the quadrat randomly in the sample area
• Record the presence or absence of a named
  organism within each quadrat
• Repeat for a number of throws
• Tabulate results

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Plot Graph

• X axis Organisms
• Y axis Frequency

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Tabulation of results
Auto Calculations
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Cover

• Quadrat divided into a grid

• Intersections form sampling points

• Plant scores a hit if touched by the needle

• Canopy organisms / all organisms

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Cover

• An area of ground occupied by aerial parts of
  individual plants of the species examined and
  counted
• Expressed as a percentage of the total quadrat
  area

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Cover procedure

• Throw a quadrat at random
• Record the plant hit at each sampling point
• Repeat for a number of throws
• Tabulate results

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Cover table
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Cover procedure

• Throw a quadrat at random
• Record the plant hit at each sampling point
• Repeat for a number of throws
• Tabulate results

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Tabulation of results
Auto Calculations
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Data Presentation

• ICT contributes to display, calculation and
  analysis of data. (example Excel)

Graphs
Analysis
Calculations
Spreadsheets
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1.5.7 AnalysisPrepare a brief report of the
results obtained
Syllabus page 14
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Report writing

• Option A
• Presentation of results and analysis of
  all ecology fieldwork together in portfolio
  format
• Option B
• Presentation of results of each
  individual ecology activity separately in
  regular practical notebook with one common
  analysis

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Option AA portfolio should contain

• Title page
• Introduction
• Site description
• Methods used
• Results
• Analysis

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Presentation of results of each individual
ecology activity separately in regular practical
notebook with one common analysis
Option B