An Overview

1
An Overview Of MODIS Products Capability, Data
Processing, Data Product Access, and Software
Availability Status By Vincent V.
Salomonson MODIS Science Team Leader NASA/Goddard
Space Flight Center XXII FIG INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ACSM-ASPRS Conference and Technology
Exhibition 2002 Washington, D. C. April 19-26,
2002
2
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• MODIS INSTRUMENT STATUS
• MODIS PRODUCTS OVERVIEW
• -ATMOSPHERES
• -OCEANS
• -LAND
• DATA PROCESSING OVERVIEW
• DATA ACCESS AND CHALLENGES
• MODIS DIRECT BROADCAST STATUS
• AQUA LAUNCH UPDATE
• NPOESS PREPARATORY PROJECT AND VIIRS
• SUMMARY

3
Terra Launch on December 18,1999
4
MODIS SPECIFICATIONS

5
MODIS INSTRUMENT STATUS OVERVIEW

• INSTRUMENT HAS OPERATED WELL OVER
• 2-PLUS YEARS
• LOTS OF TRIAL AND ERROR FROM FEB. 24, 2000 TO
• OCT. 31, 2000 TO GET BEST OPERATIONAL
• CONFIGURATION
• OPERATED ON B-SIDE ELECTRONICS FROM
• OCTOBER 31, 2000 TO JUNE 15, 2001
• INSTRUMENT OUTAGE FROM JUNE 15-JULY 2, 2001
• INSTRUMENT HAS OPERATED ON A-SIDE JULY 2, 2001
• TO THE PRESENT. SPACECRAFT DID GO INTO
  SAFE-
• HOLD MAR. 19-28 RESULTING IN NEED TO RECHECK
• INSTRUMENT STATUS AND SETTINGS ON A-SIDE
• LEVEL 1 PRODUCTS ARE CONSIDERED VALIDATED
• FROM NOVEMBER 2000 TO TO THE PRESENT.
• DEFINITIVE INFORMATION ON THE CALIBRATION AND
  CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INSTRUMENT AT
  http//mcstweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/

6
CURRENT MODIS PRODUCTS
MOD01 Level-1A Radiance Counts
MOD02 Level-1B Calibrated Relocated Radiances
MOD03 Relocation Data Set MOD04 Aerosol
Product MOD05 Total Precipitable Water
MOD06 Cloud Product MOD07 Atmospheric
profiles MOD08 Gridded Atmospheric Product
(Level-3) MOD09 Atmospherically-corrected
Surface Reflectance MOD10 Snow Cover
MOD11 Land Surface Temperature Emissivity
MOD12 Land Cover/Land Cover Change
MOD13 Vegetation Indices MOD14 Thermal
Anomalies, Fires Biomass Burning MOD15 Leaf
Area Index FPAR MOD16 Surface Resistance
Evapotranspiration MOD17 Vegetation
Production, Net Primary Productivity
MOD18 Normalized Water-leaving Radiance
MOD19 Pigment Concentration MOD20 Chlorophyll
Fluorescence MOD21 Chlorophyll_a Pigment
Concentration MOD22 Photosynthetically Active
Radiation (PAR)
MOD23 Suspended-Solids Conc, Ocean Water
MOD24 Organic Matter Concentration
MOD25 Coccolith Concentration MOD26 Ocean
Water Attenuation Coefficient MOD27 Ocean
Primary Productivity MOD28 Sea Surface
Temperature MOD29 Sea Ice Cover
MOD31 Phycoerythrin Concentration
MOD32 Processing Framework Match-up
Database MOD35 Cloud Mask
MOD36 Total Absorption Coefficient MOD37 Ocean
Aerosol Properties MOD39 Clear Water Epsilon
MOD43 Albedo 16-day L3 MOD44 Vegetation Cover
Conversion MODISALB Snow and Sea Ice Albedo
7
MODIS ATMOSPHERES PRODUCTS http//modis-atmos.gsf
c.nasa.gov/products.html
8
MODIS Dust and pollution in East Asia March
20, 2001
Plots by Y.Kaufman, R-R. Li and D. Westphal
9
Aerosol Optical Thickness (fine mode)(Y. J.
Kaufman, D. Tanré, L. A. Remer, D. A. Chu. NASA
GSFC, CNES/USTL)
Level-3 Monthly September 2000
ta (0.55 µm)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
10
Aerosol Optical Thickness (coarse mode)(Y. J.
Kaufman, D. Tanré, L. A. Remer, D. A. Chu. NASA
GSFC, CNES/USTL)
Level-3 Monthly September 2000
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
ta (0.55 µm)
0.0
11
MODIS Validation land
Allen Chu et al 2001
12
MODIS validation Ocean
64 co-located measurements during 2 months
representing 11 stations.
Lorraine Remer et al 2001
13
MODIS 2000/09/05-08 (U. of Wisc.) Daytime Total
Precipitable Water (cm) values over land not
shown to facilitate comparison with AMSU
14
GOES vs. MODIS 2000/06/30 1600 UTC Total
Precipitable Water (mm) (Univ. of Wisc)
15
MODIS total precipitable water vapor shows a wet
bias wrt GOES bias 1.5 mm and rms of 3 mm bias
will be removed after more validation
(MENZEL, ET AL.)
16
Precipitable Water over Land Sunglint(B. C.
Gao, et al. Naval Research Laboratory)
Level-3 Monthly April 2001
q (cm)
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
17
MODIS 2000/09/05-08 Daytime Total Ozone (Dobsons)
(MENZEL, ET AL.)
18
OZONE COMPARISONS(MENZEL, ET AL.)
TOMS Ozone
MODIS Ozone
19
Winds from MODIS An Arctic Example
(MENZEL, ET AL.)
Cloud-track winds (left) and water vapor winds
(right) from MODIS for a case in the western
Arctic. The wind vectors were derived from a
sequence of three images, each separated by 100
minutes. They are plotted on the first 11 mm
(left) and 6.7 mm (right) images in the sequence.
20
Cloud Optical Thickness(King, et al.)
Level-3 Monthly April 2001
tc
20
16
12
8
4
0
21
Cloud Effective Particle Radius(King, et al.)
Level-3 Monthly April 2001
re(µm)
40
34
28
22
16
10
4
22
Retrieval of tc and re (King, et al.)

• The reflection function of a nonabsorbing band
  (e.g., 0.86 µm) is primarily a function of
  optical thickness
• The reflection function of a near-infrared
  absorbing band (e.g., 2.14 µm) is primarily a
  function of effective radius
• clouds with small drops (or ice crystals) reflect
  more than those with large particles
• For optically thick clouds, there is a near
  orthogonality in the retrieval of tc and re using
  a visible and near-infrared band

Liquid Water Clouds - ocean surface
23
Cloud Top Pressure(W. P. Menzel, R. Frey, K.
Strabala, L. Gumley, et al. NOAA NESDIS, U.
Wisconsin/CIMSS)
Level-3 Monthly April 2001
pc (hPa)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
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Weighting Functions for CO2 Slicing

• CO2 slicing method
• ratio of cloud forcing at two near-by wavelengths
• assumes the emissivity at each wavelength is
  same, and cancels out in ratio of two bands
• The more absorbing the band, the more sensitive
  it is to high clouds
• technique the most accurate for high and middle
  clouds
• MODIS is the first sensor to have CO2 slicing
  bands at high spatial resolution (1 km)
• technique has been applied to HIRS data for 20
  years
• retrieved for every 5 x 5 box of 1 km FOVs, when
  at least 5 FOVs are cloudy, day night

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MODIS OCEANS PRODUCTS http//modis-ocean.gsfc.nas
a.gov/dataprod.html
26
MODIS FEB 2001 NIGHTTIME SST (11 MICROMETER)
(Brown, et al., U. of Miami)
27
MODIS JULY 2001 NIGHTTIME SST (11 MICROMETER)
(Brown, et al., U. of Miami)
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MODIS NIGHTTIME SST (11 MICROMETER) FEB/JULY 2001
COMPARISONS (U. of Miami)
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MODIS SST OVER SEVERAL MONTHS
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MODIS SST COMPARISONS TO SHIP-BOARD
INTERFEROMETER (U. OF MIAMI)
31
MODIS CHLOROPHYLL COMPARISONS (J. CAMPBELL, UNH)
32
MODIS Chlorophyll Fluorescence Efficiency(Abbott/
Oregon State Univ.)
MODIS CFE
MODIS Chl
mg m-3
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MODIS LAND PRODUCTS http//modis-land.gsfc.nasa.g
ov/products/
34
MODIS Granule over South Africa (Sept,13,2001,
845 to 850 GMT) (Vermote/U. of MD)
The surface reflectance algorithm uses internal
1km aerosol optical depth since collection 3
processing.
Corresponding aerosol optical thickness at 670nm
(0 black, 1.0 and above red) linear rainbow
scale. Clouds are in magenta, water bodies are
outlined in white.
RGB surface reflectance (corrected for aerosol)
RGB no correction for aerosol effect
35
Global EVI composite (Sept. 30 - Oct. 15,
2000)(Spatial and temporal intercomparisons of
vegetation activity)
TBRS, University of Arizona SCF Group,
http//tbrs.arizona.edu
EVI
1000 km
5000 km
water 0.2 0.4 0.6
0.8 1.0
Hammer Aitoff Projection
36
Leaf Area Index (Myneni/Boston Univ)
37
Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation
(FPAR) (Myneni/Boston Univ.)
38
Provisional Land Cover Product Jul 00 - Jan
01(Strahler, et al./Boston Univ.)
39
CMG Broadband White-Sky Albedo (0.3-5.0mm) 6 - 21
March, 2001 (Strahler, Schaaf, et al./Boston
Univ.)
0.0 0.2 0.4
No Data
40
CMG Broadband White-Sky Albedo (0.3-5.0mm) 9 - 24
May, 2001 (Strahler, Schaaf, et al./Boston Univ.)
0.0 0.2 0.4
No Data
41
Global MODIS LST Product (Wan/UCSB)

250K
340K
(daytime 3 Aug 2001)
240K
310K
(nighttime 3 Aug 2001)
42
MODIS LAND TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES FOR WINTER
2002 VS WINTER 2001
43
GLOBAL LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES FOR
2002 WINTER VS 2001 WINTER
44
NASA MODIS Fire Rapid Response Data
System(Justice, et al./U. of MD)
Daily global coverage with a 24 hour delay
producing and distributing global fire detections
and RGB imagery via. the Internet using FTP and
ArcIMS feature server
http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov
J. Descloitres, L. Giglio, J. Owens J. Seaton, M.
Crisologo, R. Sohlberg
45
MODIS DATA PROCESSING OVERVIEW(re E.
Masuoka/NASA-GSFC)
DAACs
LaRC For CERES Processing
EDC DAAC
L2 Data
Archive Distribute Land Data (ESDIS/ECS)
DAO Data
GES DAAC
DAO
Ingest DAO Data (GES DAAC)
Science Appli- cations Educ- ation
DAO, Anciillary Data
GES DAAC
EDOS L0 Processing (ESDIS/ EDOS)
Ingest, Archive MODIS L1 Processing
Reprocessing (ESDIS/ECS)
MODAPS
Archive Distribute L1 (ESDIS/ECS) and
DAO, ancillary data (GES DAAC)
L0 Data
L2 Data
L2 Processing Reprocessing (SDST)
DATA!
L1 Data
Ancillary Data
V0, V1
L2 Data
QA Metadata Update
QA Metadata Update
NOAA FDD
L1 Data
NSIDC DAAC
L2 Validation at the Science Computing
Facilities (SCFs)
Archive Distribute Snow Ice (ESDIS/ECS)
MODIS Calibration Science Team (MCST) and
supporting scientists for Level 1 data
MODIS Data Flow (Development Team in parentheses)
46
MODIS GSFC DAAC PROCESSING METRICS(E.
MasuokaS. Kempler/NASA-GSFC)
MODIS Level 1 Data Processes at the GES DAAC Data
Ingest, Production, Archive and
Distribution (actual metrics)
DAO
2.4 GB/day
GES DAAC

• Level 1 PRODUCTION
• and ARCHIVE
• 332 GB/day - L1A, L1B
• 30 GB/day - subset of L1A
• for CERES
• 17 GB/day - subset of L1B
• for calibration in Miami
• - Archive all products ingested

EDOS
MODAPS
264.1 GB/day
70 GB/day
lt 3GB/day
108.6 GB/day
NOAA FDD
MODIS Calibration Science Team (MCST) and
supporting calibration scientists
Approx. Daily averages
47
MODAPS DAILY PRODUCT VOLUMES (1X)(E.
Masuoka/NASA-GSFC)
GES DAAC
DAACs
211 GB/day
EDC DAAC
239GB/day
Archive Distribute Land Data (ESDIS/ECS)
154 GB/day
MODAPS
Science Appli- cations Educ- ation
175GB/day
GES DAAC
Archive Distribute L1 (ESDIS/ECS) and
DAO, ancillary data (GES DAAC)
11 GB/day
392 GB/day
368 GB/day
Science Computing Facilities (SCFs)
15 GB/day
NSIDC DAAC
Archive Distribute Snow Ice (ESDIS/ECS)
QA Metadata Update
48
MODAPS PRODUCTION(E. Masuoka/NASA-GSFC)

• MODAPS produces L2 science products on two
  systems
• 80p SGI Origin 2000 makes products from current
  data
• 64p SGI Origin 3000 reprocesses data from past
  years
• The two systems produced MODIS products at a rate
  of 3 data days per day in the first major
  reprocessing of MODIS data
• 1.2TB of L2 Science products per day.
• Linux clusters have been added to both processing
  systems to boost the total processing rate to 5
  data days per day

49
Reprocessing System - SGI Origin 3000 and Linux
Processors (E. Masuoka/NASA-GSFC)
DAACs
Science Team, Development and Production Systems
Level 2 - Level 3 Daily Land and
Atmosphere Processing
HiPPI channel 100MB/sec
GIGE 80MB/sec
100BaseT 10MB/sec

Gigabit Ethernet to 100baseT
mtvs2
SGI Origin 3000 64 400Mhz R12K cpu 32GB memory
8 Fibre Channels 100MB/sec
8 Fibre Channels 100MB/sec
SDD2
SDD5
70 Linux systems Dual Pentium 4 2GB RAM 200GB
RAID
26TB DDN RAID in 30 filesystems
100TB ADIC Tape Library 24 drives
32TB DDN RAID in 24 filesystems
50
STATUS OF ARCHIVED PRODUCTS AND PLANS FOR
REPROCESSING
User community should use MODIS products in
archives (Collection 3) extending from
November 1, 2000 to the present. -an
exception applies to ocean color products. Good
products exist in December 2000, but an
earth-sun distance correction is not right
for all other periods. -Collection 1
extending from February 24 to October 31, 2000
has some good products, but is generally
problematic Collection 4 reprocessing will
begin soon. -Ocean color products should
be reprocessed by fall 2002 and extend
back to February 2000 -Level 1B, land and
atmospheres products reprocessing to begin
fall of 2002. -forward processing will
continue along with reprocessing
51
Second Reprocessing (Collection 4) of MODIS Data

• June 1, 2002 - September 30, 2002
• Produce Ocean products from 2/25/00-5/31/02
• Limited by ingest rate for Ocean products
• October 1, 2002 - January 15, 2004
• Produce Level 1, Land and Atmosphere products
  from 2/25/00-9/30/02
• Limited by reprocessing rate for Level 1 products

52
MODIS DISTRIBUTION IMPROVEMENT EFFORTS AT MODIS
DAACS (S. Kempler/NASA-GSFC)

• Enhancing Version 0 Web-Based Hierarchical
  Ordering Mechanism (WHOM) as an alternative data
  -ordering engine.
• Added subsetting (parameter, spatial, temporal)
• Added on-demand subsetting
• Output of above tools are in HDF and binary
  formats
• Developed subsampling PGE, also providing HDF and
  binary fromat outputs
• Developing in-house reprojection tools (EDC) and
  mosaicing enhancements (NSIDC)
• Pointing to tools developed by the MODIS
  Atmospheric Team including Granule Locator and
  GranuleVisualizer.
• Adding pointers to the GES DAAC wepage to
  navigate users to tools, status, and help
• Provided browse products
• Developed a data mining environment by which
  science algorithms that reduce data volume before
  transmission can be integrated.
• Implementing 'data pools, very large data
  staging archives, that will greatly enhance the
  amount of data that can be distributed in a given
  time period.
• Linking to research initiatives (e.g., NASA Cold
  Land Processes at NSIDC) and field campaigns
• Collaborating with universities by providing them
  data so that they can act as redistribution sites.

53
MODIS DATA ACCESS URLS
EOS Data Gateway (EDG)The primary access point
for MODIS data at all DAACs http//eos.nasa.gov/i
mswelcome/ -- The EOS Data Gateway (EDG) is a
web interface to find and order data from
multiple archives Search by location, time,
attributes (valids - parameters, data set, data
center, etc). Browse the list of data
sets/granules by viewing their Temporal Coverage,
Spatial Coverage, Attributes (metadata), Related
Documents (guide search), and Browse Products
(GIFs). Order the selected data with various
packaging and ordering options. Guide Search the
archives online document servers for information
on data sets, platforms, instruments associated
with the data.
GES DAAC Search and Order WWW Interface an
alternative for ocean and atmospheres MODIS data
http//acdisx.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ The GES DAAC
Search and Order WWW Interface (TerraWHOM) is
based on a hierarchical organization of data.
There are currently two views or gateways to
the products dataset and parameter. Views are
different perspectives of looking at the data and
allow users to search for data more efficiently.
Recently, the order functions added are Attribute
Filtering, Ocean Level 3 Parameter Subsetting,
and On-Demand channel/band Subsetting
54
EOS Direct Broadcast Stations Worldwide(re J.
Dodge/NASA HQ)

55
AQUA MODIS STATUS

• AQUA SPACECRAFT PROJECTED FOR LAUNCH EARLY MAY
• 255 A.M. WITH MODIS ON-BOARD
• MODIS WILL HAVE IMPROVEMENTS
• LESS ELECTRONIC CROSSTALK IN SWIR BANDS
• NO OPTICAL LEAK IN BANDS IN 32-24 FROM 31
• BETTER SST GAIN IN BANDS 31 AND 32 (11-12 µm)
• LESS 5 µm LEAK INTO SWIR
• RVS BETTER KNOWN
• MODIS WILL HAVE SOME NON-FUNCTIONING DETECTORS
• -BAND 6 (1.64 µm) will have several bad detectors
• -Band 5 (1.24 µm) will have some (1 or 2) bad
  detectors

56
What is NPP?(R. Murphy, NASA/GSFC/Study
Scientist)

• NPP is a bridging mission that provides for the
  continuation of measurement series initiated with
  EOS Terra Aqua for NASAs global change
  research
• Climate change
• Global carbon cycle
• Global water cycle
• NPP provides risk reduction for the National
  Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental
  Satellite System (NPOESS) which will continue
  these measurements into the indefinite future
• NPP is a joint program of NASA and the Integrated
  Program Office (IPO), the tri-agency activity
  that is responsible for NPOESS

57
Satellite Transition Schedule(9 March 2001ref
R. Murphy, NASA/GSFC)Slopes indicate 10-90 need
(NPOESS GAP 5b)
Projected End of Life based on 50 Need
CY
99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
06
0530
F20
F18
F16
C3
NPOESS
DMSP
0730 - 1030
F17
F19
F15
C1 or C2
NPOESS
NPOESS
DMSP
M
POES
METOP
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
1330
N
N
C2 or C1
L (16)
NPOESS
POES
Earliest Need to back-up launch
S/C Deliveries
Earliest Availability
58
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
(re R. Murphy NASA/GSFC)

• Purpose Global observations of land, ocean,
  atmosphere parameters at high temporal resolution
  ( daily)
• Predecessor Instruments AVHRR, OLS, MODIS,
  SeaWiFS
• Management Integrated Program Office
• StatusPhase C/D (Raytheon)
• Approach Multi-spectral scanning radiometer (22
  bands between 0.4 ?m and 12 ?m) 12-bit
  quantization
• Swath width 3000 km

• Changes to specifics of band dynamic ranges,
  bandpasses band centers being negotiated
• Consideration of adding 6.7 micrometer water
  vapor band to FM2 later models
• CDR March 2002

59
VIIRS Spectral Bands(R. Murphy, NASA/GSFC)

• 22 Bands
• Two spatial resolutions
• Imagery resolution bands 370 m at nadir
• Moderate resolution bands 740 m at nadir
• Features
• 8 (Moderate) or 16 (Imagery) detectors per scan
• Bands spatially nested
• Constrained pixel growth with scan angle
• Some bands have dual gain
• Maximize dynamic range without precision
  penalties

60
SUMMARY

• SUMMARY
• GOOD MODIS PRODUCTS
• HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED
• DATA PRODUCTS ARE
• BEING PROCESSED AND
• PUT IN ARCHIVES
• DATA ACCESS NEEDS
• IMPROVEMENT
• DIRECT BROADCAST
• SOFTWARE IS BEING
• RELEASED
• AQUA LAUNCH IS NEAR
• NPP MISSION/VIIRS
• PROMISES MODIS-LIKE
• COVERAGE FOR THE
• FORESEEABLE FUTURE