Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

1
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

• 18 Week Wall
• Finisher Slump

2
Introduction

• North Central Veterinary Services
• Mixed animal practice
• 2 doctors

3
Agents

• Primary
• Secondary

4
Primary Agents

• Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh)
• Swine Influenza Virus (SIV)
• Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome Virus
  (PRRS)
• Can be any or all of the above

5
Secondary Agents

• Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA)
• Strep Suis (Ss)
• Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb)
• Pasteurellla multocida type D (PmD)
• Haemophilus parasuis (Hp)
• Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP)

6
Clinical Signs

• Dependant on primary agents involved and the farm
  specific secondary pathogens
• Morbidity-high
• Mortality-steady to increase
• Feed efficiency-decreases
• Days to Market (DTM)-increases (turns/year
  decreases)
• Seen in SEW or 3 site prod. pigs

7
Clinical Signs (cont.)

• SEW production practices produce immunologically
  naïve pigs which have an unchallenged immune
  system. Therefore these pigs respond poorly and
  slowly to antigenic challenge, allowing the
  pathogen(s) to reach disease producing levels
  quickly. This fast escalation of pathogen load
  obviously causes a sudden onset of the clinical
  signs listed above.

8
Diagnosis

• Be careful not to diagnose too quickly over the
  phone
• Necropsy affected pigs (Culture/Hisopathology)
• Slaughter Checks
• Serology-Needs to be done in an age segregated
  fashion to properly determine if and when pigs
  are sero-converting
• Myco
• SIV
• PRRS

9
Prevention/Control

• Address Primary Agents
• PRRS
• SIV
• Mycoplasma

10
Prevention/Control

• PRRS-Multiple methods of control
• Sow herd stabilization with serology and
  vaccination
• Strict Biosecurity
• AI/AO
• Gilt introduction monitored
• Nursery/finisher stabilization with/without
  vaccinations

11
Prevention/Control

• SIV - H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes pathogenicity
  appears to be greater than previous serotypes
• Initial serology
• Whole herd viral shedding and stabilize herd
• Single dose pre-farrowing vaccination appears to
  hold pigs to market

12
Prevention/Control

• Mycoplasma-control measures vary with each herd
• Initial serology (sows and pigs)
• Pre farrowing vaccination

13
Mycoplasma P/C (cont.)

• Piglet protocol
• 2 doses vaccine-Labor
• 2 doses Lincocin-Expense
• 1dose vacc, 1 dose Linco allows limited labor and
  yet saves money over all linco program-New
  research suggests this has the best results.

14
Mycoplasma P/C (cont.)

• Typical Protocol
• 1cc dose subunit vaccine coming out of nursery
• Feed grade lincocin prior to vaccine in nursery
  or 3-4 weeks after vaccine

15
Health Issues in the Breeding Herd
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Key Points of Consideration

• A pork production system is a pyramid system
  anything that hits the top of the pyramid will
  flow down and through the system.
• Subjective analysis of a problem is the most
  common approach but is the WRONG approach!
• Subjective analysis relies on
• Assumptions
• Cause/affect relationships

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Key Points (cont.)

• Objective analysis of a problem is the CORRECT
  approach.
• Objective analysis relies on
• Production records (Accurate)
• Scientific approach

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Signs of Potential Disease to Monitor

• Herd
• Conception rate
• Farrowing rate
• Born alive, stillborn, mummies
• Abortion/pseudopregnancy rate

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Signs of Potential Disease to Monitor

• Individual
• Sows off feed/water
• /- fever
• Lame sows
• Vaginal discharge
• Pneumonia/scours

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Reproductive Diseases

• Lepto
• Parvo
• Piglet Scours
• E. coli
• Clostridium
• Type C
• Type A
• Difficile
• Swine Influenza Virus (SIV)
• PRRS

21
Leptospirosis

• Routinely vaccinated for in most herds
• Areas of concern
• Bratislava may be an oversold product
• Dont forget to vaccinate Boars

22
Parvo

• Ubiquitous on all hog farms
• Routinely vaccinated for (Immunity is lifelong)
• Gilts need to be monitored for existing maternal
  antibodies that can last for 150-180 days
• Proper vaccination AFTER maternal antibodies are
  gone.
• 3rd vaccination is becoming common.
• Relationship to PMWS and circovirus Type 2.

23
Piglet Scours

• E. coli
• 12 hours to 10 days of age at onset
• Severe watery diarrhea (secretory)
• Can be primary or secondary
• Controllable with PF vaccines if properly
  isolated and timing of vaccines is appropriate

24
Piglet Scours (cont)

• Clostridium
• Type C - sudden death with blood in small
  intestine
• Type A - can induce a severe watery diarrhea to a
  cowpatty type of stool
• Difficile - similar to type A

25
Piglet Scours (cont)

• Control Measures
• AI/AO farrowing rooms
• Proper cleaning and disinfecting
• Cleaning crates behind sows up to and for 36
  hours after farrowing
• Pre-farrowing vaccination (commercial/farm
  specific)

26
Swine Influenza Virus (SIV)

• H1N1 Old Strain of SIV
• Typically seen as a tremendous outbreak in
  finishers with thumping pigs that have an
  extremely high temperature and a deep cough
• Sows would go through a respiratory infection as
  well and may abort from the fever

27
SIV (cont)

• H3N2 - Typically this virus has a more insidious
  onset in both the finisher pigs and adult
  breeding herd
• Dec. conception rate
• Dec. farrowing rate
• Inc. re-cycles
• Inc. abortions
• Signs in newborn piglets not common

28
SIV (cont)

• Diagnostics
• Nasal swabs most effective if used in a sudden
  outbreak
• Tissue submissions lungs can be submitted for
  IHC, Histology, or VI
• Serology Elisa or HI test are both applicable
• HI titers will vary between serotypes with H1N1
  titers being ltH3N2 titers

29
SIV (cont)

• Control
• Vaccination with dual SIV vaccine to all breeding
  animals then pre-farrowing
• Piglets typically do not need vaccinated

30
PRRS

• Presentation can vary from simple seroconversion
  to massive reproductive outbreaks in sow herd
  and/or devastating respiratory signs in
  nursery-grower-finisher pigs
• Signs seen depend on type of outbreak

31
PRRS (cont)

• Diagnostics
• Histology
• IHC
• Virus Isolation
• PCR
• Serology Elisa test

32
PRRS (cont)

• Control
• Biosecurity
• Enhanced culling procedures
• Proper gilt acclimation prior to entry into herd
• Sow herd stabilization with killed vaccines