Endocrine System II

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Endocrine System II

• The glands and hormones

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Glands of the Body
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Hormones

• Produced by glands or nerve tissue
• Travel in the bloodstream
• Communicate with SPECIFIC Target Tissue How?

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Steroid (Lipid Based)

• Able to enter bilipid cell membrane
• Fits with protein receptor inside
• Turns on a gene

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Non-steroid (Amino acid or Protein based hormone)

• Fits with receptor protein on the cell membrane
• Chemical chain reaction that ends in activating
  an enzyme

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What determines the specificity of the target
tissue?

• Proteins they possess have a certain tertiary
  structure (shape).
• Shapes of hormones and target tissue proteins
  fit!

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Pineal Gland and Biorhythms

• Third Eye
• Detects Light
• Secretes hormone melatonin
• Increased light decreased melatonin
• Melatonin causes drowsiness and helps regulate
  daily and seasonal cycles
• Jet Lag, insomnia, SAD, frogs croaking

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Adrenal Glands and Fight/Flight

• Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (epinephrine)
  and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
• These two hormones work together to
• Increase metabolism
• Change blood flow
• Cause fight/flight response

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Adrenal glands and long term stress

• Adrenal cortex produces cortical steroids
• Cortical steroids
• Stimulate the kidney to retain more salt and
  water leads to high blood pressure
• Promote conversion of proteins and lipids to
  glucose
• Very high levels suppress inflammatory response
  depressing immune system

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Things for you to research

• Runners high
• Gigantism/dwarfism