Theories of Personality

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Theories of Personality
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What is Personality

• Big Picture

• Personality
• The unique and relatively stable ways in which
  people think, feel, and behave
• Character
• Value judgments of a persons moral and ethical
  behavior
• Temperament/Trait
• A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling
  or behaving (irritability, openness, etc.)
• Character and traits are components of
  personality

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What is Personality?

• Perspectives

• Psychodynamic
• Focus The unconscious mind
• Social-Cognitive Perspective
• Focus How behavior and the environment interact
• Humanistic
• Focuses on the role of each persons life
  decisions and what makes people uniquely human,
  such as emotions
• Trait
• Focuses on the characteristics of personality
  themselves, rather than how personality develops

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Theories of Personality

• Psychoanalytic

• Freud
• Read Background, id, ego, superego

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Theories of Personality

• Social-Cognitive

• Rotters Expectancy Theory
• Personality develops from behaving then forming
  an expectancy about future behaviors
• Locus of Control
• Degree to which a person believes that good and
  bad outcomes are contingent (depends) on his/her
  actions

• Internal Control Refers to the perception of
  positive and negative events as being a
  consequence of ones own actions and thereby
  under personal control
• Positive outcomes are attributed to ones skill
• External Control Refers to positive and negative
  events as being unrelated to ones own behaviors
  in certain situations and therefore beyond
  personal control
• Positive outcomes are attributed to luck,
  chance, or other forces or people

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Theories of Personality

• Humanism

• Carl Rogers Self-Actualization
• Human always strive to fulfill their potential
  (become the best they can)
• Self-Concept
• Peoples own beliefs and thoughts about who they
  are
• In the process of self-actualization, people
  construct a self-concept

• Real-Self
• Ones perception of actual characteristics,
  traits, and abilities
• Ideal-Self
• Perception of who one should be or would like to
  be

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Theories of Personality

• Trait Theory

• Carl Jungs Typology
• Carl Jung created a system of classifying
  peoples temperaments based on a combination of
  six qualities
• Introvert/Extrovert
• 1. Sensation Sum of external facts provided by
  the senses
• 2. Thinking Refines and makes sense of the raw
  sensations
• 3. Feeling Gives value to things
• 4. Intuition Mystical process by which we
  negotiate the unknown

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Assessment of Personality

• Jungs Typology

Extroverts Introverts
Rational Thinking Thinking
Rational Feeling Feeling
Irrational Sensation Sensation
Irrational Intuition Intuition
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Assessment of Personality

• Trait Theory

• Myers-Biggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• Assesses a persons temperament based on four
  personality dimensions
• People are assigned a four letter personality
  type (SFEJ, etc.)
• 16 temperament types
• 1. Sensing/Intuition (S/N)
• Sensing Prefer to rely on what they see, hear,
  touch, etc.
• Intuition Prefer to rely on hunches intuitive
  knowledge

• 2. Thinking/Feeling (T/F)
• Thinking Prefer to use logic, analysis, and
  experiences that can be validated
• Feeling Make decisions based on personal values
  and emotional reactions
• 3. Introversion/Extroversion (I/E)
• Introvert Regularly require alone time to
  recharge
• Extrovert Outgoing

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Assessment of Personality

• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

• 4. Judging/Perceiving (J/P)
• Judging Action-oriented, decisive,
  get-the-task-done
• Perceiving Curious, put off making a final
  decision to consider all possibilities

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Assessment of Personality

• Methods

• Projective Tests
• Psychoanalysts
• Ambiguous stimuli is presented, an individual
  responds with whatever comes to mind
• Purpose to uncover unconscious conflicts,
  desires and urges that shape personality
• Problems reliability and validity
  interpretation of responses is highly subjective
  

• Personality Inventories
• Trait theorists
• People provide simple responses (yes, no,
  etc.) to a series of unambiguous questions
• Purpose To construct a personality based on the
  combination of traits
• Problems Social desirability effect

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Assessment of Personality

• Assess Your Personality

• Assignment
• http//www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp
• Take the test, and follow the links to analyze
  your results.

• Reaction Paper
• 1-1.5 pages (2 pages max)
• Double-spaced
• 1. State your 4-letter combo
• 2. Provide a brief summary of your personality
  type
• 3. What do you think? Write a reaction to the
  test.
• Do you think it is correct?
• If so, why? If not, why not?
• What did it not include/get wrong?