451418 Land Administration

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451-418 Land Administration
451-607 Land Administration

Lecture 15

Spatial Data Infrastructures
SDIs
Abbas Rajabifard
15 April 2003
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Overview

• Overview of Pervious Lecture
• Current SDI Development
• Australian Perspective on SDIs
• Other National SDI Example
• Regional SDI (Asia-Pacific, Europe)
• Influencing Factors for SDI Development
• Future directions for SDI development

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Spatial Data Infrastructure

• SDI is an initiative necessary for the effective
  collection, management, access, delivery and
  utilisation of spatial data

• SDI is whole about facilitation and coordination
  of the exchange and sharing of spatial data

• First generation of SDIs development has emerged
  since mid 1980s.

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Nature of SDI
Dynamic
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SDI Hierarchy
Less detailed data
Global SDI
Regional SDI
National SDI
State SDI
Local SDI
Corporate SDI
More detailed Data
The success of developing any type of SDIs,
heavily depends to on individuals realising the
need to cooperate with each other.
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Relationships Among Different SDIs
Vertical Relationships
Global SDI
Regional SDIs
Horizontal relationships
National SDIs
State SDIs
Local SDIs
Corporate SDI
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SDI Development Models

• Product-Based Model (linked) database(s)
• Process-Based Model strategy required to manage
  information assets

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Generational Development of SDIs
The First Generation of SDIs development The
Second Generation of SDIs development
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Continuum of SDI Development
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Current SDI Initiatives
Global Level Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
(GSDI), 1996

• Regional Level
• Asia-Pacific Spatial Data Infrastructure
  (APSDI), 1995
• European Geospatial Information Infrastructure
  (EGII), 1995
• Spatial Data Infrastructure for Americas, 1999
• African SDI, 2000

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Current SDI Initiatives

• Indonesia Bakosurtanal/NGIS 1993
• Iran NSDI/NGIS 1995
• Malaysia NaLIS feasibility study 1994
• Korea NGIS 1995
• Japan NSDI 1995
• Canada CGDI 1996
• Britain NGDF 1996

National Level

• Australia ASDI 1986
• USA FGDC/NSDI 1990
• Qatar NCGIS/NGIS 1990
• Portugal CNIG/SNIG 1990
• Netherlands Ravi/NGII 1992

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Common Features of NSDIs

• Explicitly national
• Refer to geographic information, geospatial data
  or land information
• Use terms such infrastructure, systems or
  framework

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Current SDI Initiatives
State Level Federated and Non-Federated systems

• Victoria- Australia
• Illinois- USA

Local Level

• Geelong- Victoria

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(No Transcript)
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Some Examples
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Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure
(Australian SDI)
Australia New Zealand Land Information Council
Inter-governmental Committee on Surveying
Mapping
Public Sector Mapping Agencies
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Australian SDI

• Coordinated by ANZLIC (Australia New Zealand Land
  Information Council)
• Objectives
• To provide fundamental land and geographic
  information infrastructure needed to support
  economic growth
• To provide national standards and guidelines on
  the use of geographic data
• To maximise community access to spatial
  information
• To support development of the Australian and New
  Zealand spatial information industry
• To strengthen the spatial information
  organisational framework

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Public Sector Mapping Agencies Australia
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Strategic Overview

• PSMA Success Factors 1993 - 1997
• Integrated national data set
• Provides access to 9 Agencies data
• Minimal bureaucracy - low overheads
• Enthusiastic executive, board, jurisdictions,
  staff
• Strong communication - regular board meetings
• High quality spatial data
• Defined data access and pricing policy
• Innovation and responsiveness
• Directed to get on with the job
• Era of greater spatial awareness and GIS
• Strong technical support from the LIC

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US-NSDI
Initial thought..
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) means
the technology, policies, standards, and human
resources necessary to acquire, process, store,
distribute, and improve utilisation of geospatial
data. Executive Order of US President, April 1994
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Current Stage
Design Communication Channel
Initial aim
Process-Based Model
Product Based
More Coordination
States databases
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Asia and the Pacific Region

• Asia and the Pacific region is
• largest region in the world
• 60 per cent of the worlds population / 3.5
  billion people
• 55 countries as defined by the UN

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Asia-Pacific Region and Regional SDI activities
Major difficulty
Lack of Coordination

• different data structures
• specifications and
• standards

Formation of PCGIAP, 1994

• Vision for APSDI
• SDI Conceptual Model
• Institutional framework, Technical standards,
• Fundamental datasets, and Access networks

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Asia-Pacific Spatial Data Infrastructure (APSDI)
The PCGIAP's vision for the APSDI is of a
network of databases, located throughout the
region, that together provide the fundamental
data needed to achieve the regions economic,
social, human resources development and
environmental objectives.
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A Model for the APSDI The PCGIAP has developed a
spatial data infrastructure model that comprises
four core components - Institutional framework,
- Technical standards, - Fundamental data sets,
and - Access networks
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EUROPEAN SDI
EGII is the European policy framework creating
the necessary conditions for achieving the
objectives of EU. It encompasses all policies,
regulations, incentives and structures set up by
the EU Institutions and the Member States in this
pursuit. European Commission 1995
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EGII and GI2000
European respose to
US Executive Order
GI2000
Creation of
Main recommendations
HLWP
and
identification, collection and wide dissemination
of pan-European base data (topographic).
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Influencing Factors for an SDI Development
Environmental Factors
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Environmental Factors
Globalisation
Asia-Pacific Region
Political Climate
Regional Organisations
Regional Governments
Technological Pressure
APSDI Development
Market Pressure
Other External Factors
Global Economic
Other Internal Factors
Regional Security
Financial Stability
Economic Conditions
Organisational Structure of Coordinating Agency
Border of Social System
Global SDI Initiative
External Factor
Internal Factor
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Influencing Factors for an SDI Development
Environmental Factors
Capacity Factors
Participation
SDI Organisation Factors
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Success Factors

• Think Big, Start Small, Scale Fast, Deliver
  Value
• Emphasise simplicity and completeness
• Knowledge about the type, location, quality and
  ownership of data
• Create meaningful public-private partnerships
  around standards
• Share everything--data, content, infrastructure
• Keep yourself visible.

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Success Factors

• Integrate public and private spatial services
• Share everything- data, content, infrastructure
• Create meaningful public-private partnerships
  around standards
• The successful widespread use of the data sets.

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Recommendations
Factors
Environmental Factors
Organisational Restructure
Redesign Future Strategy Based on Social System
Capacity Factors
Participation
Modify SDI Conceptual Model
SDI Organisation Factors
Adopt Process-based Model
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Conclusion
Strategic Management
Functional
National SDI
Operational
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Conclusion

• Regional and Global SDIs are voluntary-base
  initiatives in nature
• At the higher levels of SDIs
• more coordination than implementation.

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Thank you