Nuclear Physics and Future Opportunities

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Nuclear Physics and Future Opportunities

• How the NP community has developed a strategy
• Future research themes the facilities that
  match them

• S.J.Freeman
• University of Manchester
• Chair of STFC NPGP

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Current Activities in Nuclear Physics
UK NUCLEAR GROUPSapprox. 60 academics, 45 PDRA,
100 Ph.D. students and 40 technical/experimental
support at nine Universities and Daresbury
Laboratory
Birmingham, Brighton, Daresbury, Edinburgh,
Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Paisley, Surrey
and York Glasgow and Edinburgh Birmingham
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND ASTROPHYSICS HADRON
PHYSICS PHASES OF STRONGLY INTERACTING MATTER
THEORETICAL GROUPS NSA and Hadron _at_ Surrey and
Manchester
OVERLAP AREASAcademic subjects astrophysics,
particle physics (lattice gauge)Technology
medical imaging isotopes, power, waste
management, international security Specific
Initiatives Dark Matter (Edin), Double-Beta
Decay (COBRA Bham, Liv, York nuclear ME Man),
Anti-hydrogen (Liv), Medical Imaging (Liv/DL),
Dalton Nuclear Institute
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Subject Strategy Development
UK COORDINATIONsmall enough community to be
able to drive strategy by regular community
meetings Three-monthly Forum, regular Head of
Groups meetings, Annual Coseners House and
occasional town meetings. ? INTERIM STRATEGY
DOCUMENT FOR NPMarch 2007
EUROPEAN COORDINATIONNuclear Physics European
Collaboration Committee (NuPECC) FP4-FP7
European Long-range planning
INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONNuclear Science Advisory
Committee (NSAC), USAIUPAP WG9 (Nuclear
Physics)OECD Global Science Forum Working
Group on Nuclear Physics
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Research Themes NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
What are the limits of nuclear existence and how
does nuclear structure evolve towards the binding
limits?
Where is the neutron-drip line? Can we make new
super-heavy elements?Are there new forms of
nuclear matter in loosely-bound, drip-line
nuclei? How does the ordering of quantum states
alter in neutron-rich and highly dilute nuclear
matter?How does the increasing neutron excess
influence collective phenomena and symmetries in
nuclear systems?
Requirements on facilitiesRemove the stability
constraint on accelerated beams, to enable access
to exotic species.Wide variety of radioactive,
high-intensity ion beams with a range of energies
andbeam properties.
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Research Themes NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS
How are elements and isotopes that are found in
the Universe formed?
What is the site(s) of the r process? What
conditions lead to break out of the CNO cycle in
novae and X-ray bursters?Can studies of nuclei
with extreme neutron excess produce information
about the equation of state for neutron
stars?How do density-induced pycno-nuclear
fusion reactions occur in neutron-star crusts?
Requirements on facilitiesRemove the stability
constraint on accelerated beams, to enable access
to exotic species.Wide variety of radioactive,
high-intensity ion beams with a range of energies
andbeam properties.
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Future Facilities with UK Interest NUCLEAR
STRUCTURE/ASTROPHYSICS
No single method of production/acceleration is
universal. Two basic methods, ISOL and INFLIGHT,
differ essentially on thickness of production
target.Leads to VERY different characteristics.
ISOL
IN-FLIGHT
2015
2012
2009
ESFRI RoadmapFAIR-GSI and SPIRAL-2 amongst the
35 identified for construction.
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Research Themes HADRON PHYSICS
Can QCD be used in the low-energy, large-distance
regime to describe the structure of hadrons?
What is the exact mechanism for quark
confinement? How does the dynamic generation of
hadronic mass operate?How is hadronic spin
generated?What is the connection between parton
degrees of freedom and the excitation spectrum of
hadrons?How are hadronic properties modified
within the nuclear medium?
QCD
QCD-inspired models
Requirements on facilitiesPrecision studies of
hadronic states and searches for exotic hybrids
with high-resolution, high-intensity electron and
antiproton beams.
Nucleon structure and dynamics
Static properties and phenomenology
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Future Facilities with UK Interest HADRON
PHYSICS
PANDA EXPT high-resolution detection system for
e/m hadronic decays in charmonium region
2012
HESR high-quality high-intensity antiproton
beams 1-15 GeV
Upgrade electron energy to produce (polarised)
photons optimal for photo-production
2010
Expt to search for light quark exotics
2015 International high-intensity, high-energy
lepton scattering facility (EIC)
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Research Themes PHASES OF STRONGLY INTERACTING
MATTER
What are the characteristics of the phase diagram
of baryonic matter and what are the properties of
the different phases?
Is there an asymptotically free QGP at higher
temps and lower net baryon density? What do hard
probes (jets and heavy flavour) tell us about its
properties?
Is there a critical point in the QCD phase
diagram?Do exotic forms of hadronic matter occur
such as strange-particle condensates?
Requirements on facilitiesNucleus-nucleus
collisions with energies optimised to study
different parts of the phase diagram.
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Future Facilities with UK Interest PHASES OF
STRONGLY INTERACTING MATTER
ALICE _at_ LHC 5.5 TeV CM collisionsleads to very
high temperature, but low net baryon
densityNatural extension of RHIC progress
Operate in range 2-30 GeV/AHighest net baryon
densities in range 10-40 GeV/A.Maximal
strangeness production at 30 GeV/A.Second
generation fixed target experiment.
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Conclusions
Beware No single facility satisfies all criteria
(astronomy model) Most important single new
facility for UK NPFAIR (operational from 2012)
provides significant opportunities for ALL
thematic areas.But access to others (SPIRAL-2,
HIE-ISOLDE ) is essential to maintain
competitiveness, volume and strength in the
field. New facilities to think about
during next decade (2015) EURISOL, EIC
LHCALICE upgrades
PHASES OF STRONGLY INTERACTING MATTER
HADRON PHYSICS
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND ASTROPHYSICS
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Future Facilities NUCLEAR STRUCTURE/ASTROPHYSICS
Acceleration of wide range of elements/isotopes,
with a range of different energies, with
different beam properties.
To optimise reach in Z and neutron excess,
reaction mechanisms used, different experimental
techniques/measurements
No single method of production/acceleration is
universal. Two MAIN types ISOL or IN-FLIGHT,
where high intensity driver incident on thick or
thin target (hybrids in development). VERY
different propertieschemical selectivity,
ion-beam quality, half-lives, beam energies, etc.
Driver Accelerator
Driver Accelerator
ThickProductionTarget
ThinProductionTarget
Ion source
IsotopeSeparator
FragmentSeparator
Secondaryaccelerator
Secondarytarget
Secondarytarget
ISOL
IN-FLIGHT