More on Liberalism

1
More on Liberalism

• Doyle, Hoffman, Keohane, Roberts

2
Doyle Kant, Liberal Legacies and Foreign Affairs

• The key question
• What differences do liberal principles and
  institutions make to the conduct of the foreign
  affairs of liberal states? (83).

3
Doyle

• Are liberal states peace loving?
• Does liberalism not matter in the context of
  global affairs?
• What do we find to be the empirical observation?
• Even though liberal states have become involved
  in numerous wars with nonliberal states,
  constitutionally secure liberal states have yet
  to engage in war with one another (85).
• Timeframe roughly 200 years.

4
Doyle

• Immanuel Kant and Perpetual Peace
• See 88 (discussion of how a liberal state might
  ameliorate the warlike tendencies of nonliberal
  states).
• Doyle notes Liberal wars are only fought for
  the popular, liberal purposes.
• The rise of international law.
• Cosmopolitan law (commerce/trade)

5
Hoffman The Uses and Limits of International Law

• An asset for the policymaker and world order
• An instrument of communication
• A means of channeling conflict
• A tool of policy (without contributing to world
  order)
• Rules may protect or enhance a given position
• Rules may allow for a state to mobilize
  international support.
• A chessboard (a specific field of playone
  amongst many)

6
Hoffman The Uses and Limits of International Law

• It is a tool often not used
• Reciprocity cuts both ways.
• Resolutions are often easier if one sidesteps the
  legal issue.
• International law in ambiguous.

7
Hoffman The Uses and Limits of International Law

• International law can be detrimental to world
  order and counterproductive for a given state
• Escalation of counterclaims
• IL may authorize an increase in power (and
  therefore of risk)
• Attempts to strengthen IL may backfire.

8
Keohane International Institutions, Can
Interdependence Work?

• By the 1980s, the intellectual focus on
  international institutions had done the
  following
• Rejected of legalism and idealism
• Focused on the concepts of
• Uncertainty
• Credibility
• Three critiques (122)
• The Democratic deficit

9
Roberts The United Nations and International
Security

• The Overload Problem
• The Changing Character of Conflict
• Limited Harmony Among the Major Powers
• The Problematic Structure of the Security Council
• The Problem of Organizing Enforcement Actions
• Prospects for Collective Security