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Conservatism and Liberalism

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Any man who is under 30 and is not a liberal has no heart, and any man who is over 30 and is not a conservative has no brains.---Winston Churchill – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Conservatism and Liberalism


1
Conservatism and Liberalism
  • Any man who is under 30 and is not a liberal has
    no heart, and any man who is over 30 and is not a
    conservative has no brains.---Winston Churchill

Liberalism and Conservatism
2
Politically speaking, what are you? Do you know?
  • Are you a conservative?
  • Are you a liberal?
  • Are you a libertarian?
  • Are you a radical?
  • Are you a republican?
  • Are you a democrat?
  • Are you an independent?
  • Do you lean to the left or to the right?
  • Are you a political slug (a person who doesnt
    care enough about the world around them to pay
    attention to politics)?

3
Conservatism and Liberalism
  • Anyone who is under 30, and is not a liberal,
    has no heart. Anyone who is over 30, and is not a
    conservative, has no brains.
  • Winston Churchill

4
The Political Spectrum
  • Left Center
    Right
  • ____________I_______________I______________
  • Liberal Moderate Conservative
  • Most Americans are somewhere in the middle and
    are politically homogeneous. Only a very few are
    on the political fringes.
  • Politicians know they can win national elections
    if they attract the large group of moderate
    voters in the middle.

5
Should the US close
down its borders? Should the US give amnesty to
the illegal aliens already here in the US?
  • The word Radical is used to describe someone
    who is far to the left or to the
    right.---Anarchist
  • Most liberals, not all, vote democrat. Most
    conservatives , not all, are republicans
  • Some conservatives are Libertarians and will
    sometimes vote for the Libertarian Party.
    Libertarians believe in a smaller federal
    government and more individual rights.
  • (isolationist foreign policy, legalized drugs)
  • Some Liberals vote for the Green Party---the
    Green party believes in a strong Federal
    Government that protects the environment and
    provides for economic and social justice.
  • It is rather a new idea in American politics that
    most liberals are democrats and most
    conservatives are republicans.

6
It is possible, in fact probable, that a person
may be conservative on one issue and liberal on
another.Ex. Liberal on gun legislation and
conservative on abortion.
7
Republicans and Democrats
  • About one third of the American people consider
    themselves a democrat.
  • About one third of the American people consider
    themselves a republican.
  • About one third of the American people consider
    themselves independent. It is this group that
    decides Presidential elections.
  • This can vary a little bit from time to time as
    people become dissatisfied with the party in
    power.

8
Well known Conservatives and Liberals
  • Some examples of well known liberals are as
    follows John Kerry, John Edwards, Michael Moore,
    Ralph Nader, Howard Dean, Barbara Streisand,
    Jesse Jackson, Al Sharpton, Al Gore, Ted Kennedy,
    Al Franken
  • Some examples of well known conservatives are as
    follows Ronald Reagan, Rush Limbaugh, Bill
    Bennett, Shawn Hannity, Ann Coulter, George
    Allen, Zel Miller, George W. Bush

9
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10
Ronald Reagan---the father of the modern
conservative movement
11
Franklin Roosevelt father of the modern Democrat
party
12
Conservatism and Liberalism are defined
differently from nation to nation. What is
liberal in the U.S. may be somewhat conservative
in France.
13
The role of government
  • Conservatives believe that the Federal Government
    only does a few things well like national
    defense. They believe that government should be
    limited because that protects individual freedom.
    They believe in personal responsibility rather
    than societal responsibility. However, in certain
    social issues like abortion they want government
    intervention.
  • Liberals believe the Federal Government can do
    great things and improve the nation. They believe
    that government should be used as tool to solve
    most of our problems especially in the areas of
    equality and economic justice. (Johnsons Great
    Society and FDRs New Deal)---However, when it
    comes to social issues such as abortion they want
    no government intervention.

14
End of Part 1
  • Mr. Brian Hill will do part 2

15
Taxes
  • Conservatives believe that taxes are a necessary
    evil. They believe that taxes are too high and
  • interfere with peoples lives.
  • Conservatives believe that people should keep
    more of their money and decide for themselves how
    to use it.
  • Liberals believe taxes should be used to even out
    income and provide services for those in need.
  • Taxes should be used to bring about social and
    economic justice. Government programs to help
    those who are in needGreat Society of LBJ

16
Using taxes to achieve economic justice
  • Conservatives believe to tax the rich at
    extremely high rates would create a society
    where excellence is not rewarded.
  • Liberals believe that taxes should be used to
    even out incometax the rich heavily so that
    government can provide more services for the
    poor.
  • Moderates try to split the two ideas---tax the
    rich so a certain level of government services
    can be provided for the poor, but not so high as
    to discourage achievement.

17
Military Spending
  • Conservatives believe in a strong military and
    are more likely to support large amounts of
    spending for national defense.
  • Liberals believe too much is spent on the
    military and more money should be spent on
    programs that help the needy.

18
Use of Military Force
  • Conservatives are usually quicker to use American
    military might. Neo-cons believe in policy of
    preemption.
  • For the most part Conservatives supported the use
    of force in Afghanistan and in Iraq.
  • Libertarians believe in Isolationism
  • Liberals are usually slower to commit American
    military might.
  • Most liberals, not all, were against the use of
    American military might in Iraq.

19
Education
  • Conservatives believe that education is the
    responsibility of state and local government, NOT
    WASHINGTON.
  • Schools need to be tested to see if education is
    taking place.
  • Teachers should be paid by performance.
  • Parents should be able to take back some of their
    tax dollars to use as tuition to send their kids
    to better schools (Vouchers). Bring the Free
    Market system to Education.

20
Liberals and Education
  • Liberals believe that the Federal Government
    should play a larger role in education.
  • They believe that the voucher system would
    destroy public education by taking away funds
    from poor schools.
  • Want a larger investment by the Federal
    government into education.

21
Gay Rights
  • Conservatives believe that Gays should not be
    allowed in the military.
  • They often believe that the Gay life style is
    wrong or sinful.
  • They believe that Homosexuals should not have
    special protection under the law. (no hate crime
    legislation)
  • They believe that marriage is between a man and a
    woman and may support a constitutional amendment
    saying so.

22
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23
GAY RIGHTS CONTINUED
  • Liberals would allow Gays to openly serve in the
    military.
  • They believe that laws should be passed
    protecting gays from discrimination.
  • Liberals believe that Homosexuality should be an
    accepted lifestyle. What two consenting adults
    do in their own bedroom is nobodys business.
  • They often believe in legalization of gay
    marriages or at least creation of civil unions.

24
Race
  • Most Conservatives are against Affirmative Action
    Quota systems.
  • Almost all Conservatives are against any
    reparations to the families of former slaves.
  • Believe in the equality of opportunity not
    outcome.

25
Race Continued
  • Many Liberals believe in Affirmative Action Quota
    systems.
  • Some Liberals believe in paying reparations to
    families of former slave

26
Death Penalty and Crime
  • Conservatives are more supportive of the death
    penalty.
  • Conservatives support stiff prison sentences and
    little or no parole.
  • Conservatives believe in giving more power to the
    police so that they can catch criminals more
    easily.
  • Many conservatives, not all support the Patriot
    Act which made it easier to for the FBI to
    conduct searches.

27
Death Penalty and Crime Continued
  • Most Liberals are anti death penalty.
  • Liberals believe that more money should be spent
    on rehabilitation and less on incarceration.
  • An individuals right to privacy should protect
    them from unjust actions by the police.
  • Many liberals, not all, do not support the
    Patriot Act which makes it easier for the FBI to
    search suspected terrorist.

28
Guns and the 2nd. Amendment
  • Conservatives believe that the 2nd. Amendment
    protects a persons right to own and carry a gun.
  • They believe that People kill not Guns.
  • No more laws are needed to limit a persons right
    to own a gun.

29
Guns Continued
  • Liberals believe that more laws should be passed
    to make it much more difficult to purchase, own,
    and carry a gun.

30
Abortion
  • Conservatives are Pro Life or Anti- Abortion.
  • Life begins at conception or soon thereafter.
  • The fetus should be protected by the
    Constitution.
  • Abortion is murder.
  • Conservatives feel that at the very least late
    term abortions should be made illegal.

31
Abortion continued
  • Liberals are Pro Choice.
  • Believe that its a womans right to choose if an
    abortion is the right thing to do, and government
    has no right to interfere.
  • Abortion should be safe, legal, and rare.
  • Many liberals, not all, support a womans right
    to get an abortion in the last three months of a
    pregnancy,

32
Drugs
  • Conservatives are against legalization of any
    drugs.
  • It is in the best interest of society that laws
    discourage drug use.
  • Libertarians believe in smaller government and
    more individual rights to they would legalize
    many drugs that are currently illegal.

33
Liberals on Drugs
  • Liberals believe that some or all drugs should be
    legal (especially marijuana).
  • Drug laws should be decriminalized.
  • People should be sent to rehab centers not prison.

34
Separation of Church and State
  • Conservatives believe that prayer and religious
    education should be allowed in public schools.
  • Religious education teaches morals, something our
    country desperately needs.
  • The founding fathers never intended for church
    and state to be as separate as they have become.

35
Church and State Continued
  • Liberals believe in a more strict application of
    the doctrine of church and state separation.
  • Religious education and prayer should take place
    at home or church, not school.
  • Intelligent design and biblical account of
    creation should not be taught in public school.
  • Some liberals want God out of pledge (very
    small number)

36
Health Care
  • Conservatives believe that Health Insurance
    should be provided by private companies.
  • Conservatives believes that the US has the best
    Health Care in the world because our Health Care
    is not controlled by the government.

37
Health Care Continued
  • Liberals believe that health care is a right and
    should be provided by Federal/State Government.
  • Taxes should be increased to provide health care
    for those who can not afford it.
  • Liberals point to socialized medicine in Canada
    and France as an example of how things should be
    here in the US.

38
Minimum Wage
  • Conservatives believe that the minimum wage
    should go up gradually, and in small amounts.
  • Believe that if you raise the minimum wage to
    quickly, or by large amounts, you will hurt small
    businesses who provide jobs.

39
Minimum Wage continued
  • Liberals believe that the minimum wage should be
    increased quickly and by a large amount.
  • By increasing the minimum wage you would help the
    working poor.

40
The role of the Judiciary (Courts)
  • Conservatives believe in Judicial Restraintthe
    role of the courts is to interpret existing law
    not make new law.
  • The Court should avoid taking the initiative on
    social and political questions---Thats the job
    of the Executive and Legislative Branches.

41
Judiciary Continued
  • Liberals believe that the court should take an
    active role in shaping national policy.
  • The Court should boldly apply the Constitution to
    pressing social and political questions.
  • Liberals point to Roe V. Wade as an example of
    how the Court should lead on important issues to
    the nation.

42
Immigration
  • Conservatives believe that immigration should be
    limited and our borders should be sealed.
  • Conservatives believe that illegal aliens should
    be arrested and deported.
  • Conservatives would point out that it cost
    billions of dollars of tax payer dollars to help
    many who are poor, and illegally immigrate to the
    US.

43
Immigration continued
  • Liberals are more concerned with human rights
    therefore they would not be as restrictive on
    immigration as conservatives.
  • Liberals would point out that all immigrant
    groups have added something positive to this
    country.
  • Immigrants take jobs that no one else want
    (picking veggies in Ca.)
  • Most Liberals would support amnesty to all
    illegal immigrants in the US.

44
Environment Conservatives believe that
the environment is important but not at the
expense of jobs. They are less likely to believe
in global warming. They believe that liberals
have sometimes gone too far in the name of
protecting the environment and have caused
economic losses to farmers, the timber industry,
the energy industry. Higher gas prices.
45
Liberals and the Environment
  • Industries should be fined heavily if the pollute
    the air or water.
  • The government should protect wildlife and
    wilderness areas.
  • Heavy taxes should be put on gasoline to
    discourage people from buying cars that get poor
    gas mileage.
  • The US needs to cut its pollutants by a large
    margin in order to prevent global warming.

46
Views on Capitalism
  • Conservatives believe in the free market and
    think that government should not over regulate
    businesses and industry (laissez faire). Ex. They
    would oppose a tax on oil company profits.
    Conservatives want open markets and an expansion
    of Capitalism world wide.
  • Liberals believe that the free market has flaws
    and needs government regulation. Often liberals
    want to regulate business and industry. Many
    liberals supported a special tax on oil company
    profits. Liberals often are not supportive of
    open markets and feel that a mix of Socialism and
    Capitalism should be expanded world wide.

47
New Unit begins here
48
Political Parties in U.S.
  • What is a political party?
  • A group of persons who seek to control government
    through winning elections and the holding of
    public office.
  • The United States Constitution makes no mention
    of political parties.
  • George Washington warned the nation against the
    creation of political parties in his 1796
    Farewell Address.
  • Many European nations have multiple parties. For
    example the United Kingdom has three, Italy has
    five.

49
What do Political parties do?
  • Nomination of candidates
  • Informing and activating supporters
  • GoverningCongress and State legislatures are
    organized by political party.
  • Watchdog functioncriticize policies and behavior
    of other party.
  • Raise moneyhelp candidates in their party

50
American Two Party system
  • Rooted in the argument over the ratification of
    the Constitution.
  • Federalist were led by Alexander Hamilton and
    John Adams----represented rich and well born
  • Anti-Federalist were led by Thomas
    Jefferson---represented common man.
    Anti-Federalist were also called Jeffersonian
    Republicans or Democratic Republicans---by 1828
    they were referred to as Democrats.
  • By 1816 the Democratic Republicans were almost
    unopposed in national politics.

51
Short lived Whig party
  • Whig party was created in 1820s out of people
    who were dissatisfied with Democrats.
  • Whig party successful in electing only two
    Presidents. (1840, 1848)
  • Republican Party founded in 1854. Made up of
    Whigs and anti-slavery Democrats.
  • First Republican elected---Abraham Lincoln 1860.
    Today the Republican Party is also nicknamed the
    Grand Old Party or GOP.

52
Party domination by era
  • 1800-1860---Democrats win 13 out of 15
    Presidential elections.
  • 1860-1932---Republicans win 14 out of 18
    Presidential elections.
  • 1932-1968---Democrats win 7 out of 9 Presidential
    elections.
  • 1968-2004 ?????Republicans win 7 out of 10
    Presidential elections.

53
Review
  • Define political party.
  • What does the Constitution say about political
    parties?
  • What did Washington say about political parties?
  • Do all democratic nations have the Two Party
    System?
  • List 5 functions of a political party in the U.S.

54
Review Continued
  • What were the first two political parties in the
    U.S. and what caused their creation?
  • By 1816 which political party was almost
    unopposed in national politics?
  • What short lived party was created in the 1820s
    from dissatisfied democrats?
  • Who was the first Republican elected President?
    When?
  • What is the nickname of the Republican Party
    today?
  • Which political party dominated the following
    eras? 1800-1860? 1860-1932? 1932-1968? 1968-2004
    ?

55
The American Two Party System
  • The two major political parties in the US are
    coalitions or unions of many persons of different
    interest groups.
  • Democrats---African Americans, Labor Unions,
    Hispanics, Women, Jews, the northeast and far
    west, big cities, and people whose income is
    below the national average.
  • Republicans---White males, the south and central
    west, business owners, Southern Baptist, small
    towns, rural areas, and suburban America.

56
Third or Minor Parties
  • No third party has ever won a Presidential
    Election in the US.
  • Third parties have however influenced the outcome
    of elections by taking away votes from one of the
    two major candidates. (EX. The Bull Moose Party
    of Teddy Roosevelt and the Green Party of Ralph
    Nader)

57
Some Minor Parties in the US today
  • Socialist and Communist Party of
    America---believe that the Free Market System is
    corrupt and should be destroyed. They believe the
    government should control all the major
    businesses and industry in the US.

58
Minor Parties Continued
  • Libertarian---believe that the government should
    be less involved in peoples lives. They believe
    that the least amount of government is the best
    government. They would believe in legalization of
    many drugs.

59
Minor Parties Continued
  • Green Party ---relatively new party. Its major
    concerns are the preservation of the environment,
    nonviolence, and economic justice.
  • Ralph Nader was the Green Party candidate for
    President in 2000. He did not carry a state, but
    did get millions of votes that would have
    probably gone to Gore if Nader had not run.

60
Presidential Elections
  • Most Presidential candidates try to appeal to the
    most voters possible---this means they try to not
    be portrayed as too liberal or too conservative.
  • The truth is that no matter who winner is their
    ability to make good on campaign promises will be
    limited by the Congress, the Courts, the states,
    and public opinion.

61
Review
  • List three major groups that seem to vote
    democrat. republican.
  • What party believes in the least amount of
    government possible?
  • What party is based on environmental concerns?
  • What party is opposed to Capitalism and wants
    its destruction?
  • Who was the Presidential Candidate for the Green
    Party in 2000?
  • What was the name of the Third party that Teddy
    Roosevelt created to run for President in 1912?
    How did he do?

62
Electing a President
  • New Unit starts here

63
Nominating a Presidential Candidate
  • Each party must first pick who their candidate
    for President will be. Today this is done through
    a Primary System.
  • A Primary is an election within a state, where
    citizens get to choose who they favor as the
    democrat or republican candidate. These elections
    take place in many states nation wide and
    determines which delegates get to attend the
    national conventions.
  • The candidates are officially selected at the
    republican and democrat conventions

64
Possible 2008 Candidates
  • Republican Mitch Romney (Governor of Mass.),
    George Allen (Senator from Va.), Rudy Guilano
    (former Mayor of New York),
  • John McCain (Senator from Arizona)
  • Democrat Hillary Clinton (Senator from N.Y.),
    Evan Baye (Senator from Indiana), Joseph Biden
    (Senator from Delaware), Mark Warner (Governor of
    Va.), Mark Richardson (Governor of New Mexico),
    John Kerry (Senator from Mass.)

65
Electoral College
  • The electoral college system which is used to
    select our President was included in the
    Constitution as a compromise between those who
    wanted the people to directly elect the President
    and those who wanted the Congress to choose the
    President.
  • It allows for each candidate, with the help of
    their political party, to select a certain number
    of electors to represent them in each state.
  • The popular vote within the state determines
    which group of electors will vote for that state.
  • The popular election is in November. The electors
    travel to the capital of their state to vote in
    December. The electoral votes are counted by the
    President of the Senate before a joint session of
    Congress on January 6. The new President is
    sworn in January 20.

66
Electoral College
  • There are a total of 538 electoral votes.
  • You can determine the number of electoral votes a
    state is entitled by adding the number of
    representatives to their number of Senators.
    (x2ev), (Remember each state has 2 Senators).
    The result of this formula is that states with
    more population have more electoral votes.
  • It takes 270 to win---If no candidate receives
    270 then the election is decided in the House of
    Representatives with each state receiving one
    vote.
  • Each state and Washington D.C.(23rd Amendment)
    are guaranteed at least 3.
  • California has 55, Virginia 13, Wyoming 3
  • The Presidential election is actually 51 separate
    Presidential elections. One in each state and
    D.C.
  • States determine how to conduct the Presidential
    election within their state.( Bush v. Gore-2000)
  • It is possible to win the popular vote and lose
    the electoral vote---Just ask Al Gore.

67
Electoral College and 2004 vote
68
The Election of 1800 and the 12th. Amendment
  • The system by which we elected the President and
    Vice President broke down in the election of
    1800.
  • Jefferson and Burr tied for the Presidency (73
    electoral votes each) when the intent was
    Jefferson to be President and Burr to be Vice
    President.
  • The House of Representatives had to decide the
    election and after 36 ballots Jefferson was
    elected President.

69
The election of 1800 and the 12th Amendment
continued
  • The 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution
    in 1804.
  • Electors shall cast one vote for President and a
    separate vote for Vice President.
  • In 2000 and 2004 Virginias electors cast 13 votes
    for George W. Bush for President and then cast 13
    votes for Dick Cheney for Vice President.

70
Other Close calls
  • 1824---Andrew Jackson won a plurality, but not a
    majority of the popular and electoral votes. The
    House chose John Quincy Adams as President.
  • 1876---Samuel Tilden won the popular vote
    4,288,546 to 4,034,311 over Rutherford B. Hayes.
    However, Hayes won the electoral vote 185 to 184.
    (This was the most disputed Presidential election
    in American history until the Presidential
    election of 2000)

71
Close calls continued
  • 1888Grover Cleveland won the popular vote by
    90,596 over Benjamin Harrison. Harrison, however,
    won the electoral vote 233 to 168.
  • 2000----Al Gore won the popular vote by 537,179
    over George W. Bush. Bush won the electoral
    college 271-266.
  • Bush won the 2000 election because he carried
    Florida by 537 votes after 6 million votes were
    cast in that state. After the first recount Bush
    was still leading. At that point Gore asked the
    Florida courts to order another recount by hand
    in certain counties.
  • The Supreme Court of the United States voted 5-4
    to end all recounting of votes in that election
    effectively allowing the first recount to become
    official.

72
2004 election
  • Bush received 50.7 of the 122,293,332 votes
    cast. Kerry received 48.3.
  • Other Presidential candidates Nader American
    Independent Party ,Badnarik Libertarian Party
    Peroutka Constitution party Cobb Green Party.
    Total from all four was 1 of vote.
  • Bush received 286 electoral votes----Kerry 251
    one vote was cast for John Edwards.
  • Ohio was the key state which was won by Bush
    2,796,147 to 2,659,664 a difference of 136,483
    votes

73
Electoral politics
  • The 2000 and 2004 elections were decided by a
    small percentage of voters in a few Battle
    Ground StatesOhio, Florida.
  • We already know how most of the states will
    vote---Southern states will probably vote
    Republican---Georgia, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi
  • Northeastern states will probably vote
    Democrat-New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
    Connecticut
  • Will this be true again in 2008?

74
What about Virginia???
  • Virginia has not voted for a democrat for
    President since 1964Lyndon B. Johnson
  • Bush carried Virginia fairly easily in 2000 and
    again in 2004.
  • However, Virginia has elected two democrats in a
    row as Governor (Warner and Kaine)
  • As the makeup of Northern Virginia changes, it
    might become a democrat strong hold and change
    the entire political make-up of the state.

75
Review
  • Why was electoral college system included in the
    Constitution?
  • What does the popular vote within a state
    determine?
  • When do electors vote? Who counts the vote?
  • How many total electors are there nationwide? Has
    it always been this number?
  • What is the mathematical formula for determining
    the number of electoral votes for each state?
  • In 2008 how many electoral votes will it take to
    win the Presidency?
  • What is a Primary? What is an Open Primary? What
    is a Closed Primary?
  • Who are two democrats and two republicans who may
    be the Presidential candidate for their party in
    2008?

76
Review continued
  • If no candidate receives the required electoral
    votes, how is the election decided?
  • What is the least amount of electoral votes a
    state can have?
  • How many electoral votes does Virginia have?
    California? Wyoming? D.C.?
  • What level of government determines how
    Presidential elections are conducted in each
    state?
  • Is it possible to win the popular vote and still
    lose the election?
  • Which election caused the creation of the 12th
    Amendment? Why?

77
Review continued
  • Which state determined the final outcome of the
    2000 election?
  • What did the Supreme Court rule in the 2000 Bush
    v. Gore case? What was the vote? Do you agree?
  • List 4 Presidential elections where the popular
    vote winner lost the election.
  • Which state was the determining factor in the
    2004 election?
  • When was the last time Virginia voted for a
    democrat for President? Who?
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