Presentation Technology

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Presentation Technology

• From the Early Days to the Present

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Warning

• A few of the slides contain images of
  presentation technologies that are no longer
  used, but a truly educated person will have some
  knowledge of them. Be on the lookout for the
  following

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The Chalkboard

• During the 1930s NCSU had a professor (L. O.
  Armstrong) who had a national reputation for
  chalkboard work. He even published pamphlets on
  how to properly use the chalkboard and was
  featured in various publications. He was a
  skilled artisan.

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Using the Chalkboard/Whiteboard

• Write large and legible
• Write material in advance and cover it with the
  screen
• Have a member of the audience write on the
  chalkboard as you lecture
• Dont teach to the board
• After writing one sentence turn and face the
  audience before continuing.

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The Flip Chart

• Advantages
• Portable
• Inexpensive
• Notes can be prepared in advance
• Good for brainstorming and strategic planning
  activities
• Can be a change of pace

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The Slide Projector

• Disadvantages
• No face to face contact with audience since room
  usually darkened
• Projector at back of room away from speaker
• Not effective in a fully-lighted room
• No ability to modify slides and sequence during
  presentations
• Longer lead time (2 to 5 days) for preparation of
  slides
• Cost ??

• Advantages
• Audience perceives slides as "more professional"
  than overheads
• Slides can be used to focus attention
• Slide on screen to focus attention on visual
• Blank or black slide to focus attention on
  speaker
• Slides and projectors easy to store and transport
  

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The Opaque Projector
The Opaque Projector projects actual images of
objects on the screen.

• Disadvantages
• Early machines were massive in size
• Could only show thin items

• Advantages
• Good for showing actual objects such as pages out
  of a book

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The Overhead Projector

• Transmissive projectors have the light source
  (bulb) in the base of the machine. The light is
  projected up through the glass stage of the
  projector, through a lens in the projector's head
  and then onto a projection screen.

• The light source for reflective projectors is in
  the head of the projector. The light shines down
  onto a reflective stage, and then reflects back
  up through the lens and onto a screen.

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The Overhead Projector

• Transmissive projectors are usually brighter and
  the images are typically sharper, but they tend
  to be larger and heavier.

• If you want portability and will be only using
  transparency film, then a reflective projector is
  a good choice because they tend to be smaller and
  lighter in weight.

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Using the Overhead

• Use a professional program such as PowerPoint to
  prepare your overhead transparencies.
• Use color if at all possible.
• Use a sheet of paper (under the transparency) to
  reveal information as you proceed.
• While make a presentation, read from the
  overhead, not from the screen. This way you
  remain facing the audience.
• Be careful not to stand blocking the image or in
  someones line of sight.

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LCD Panels

• A LCD panel is a device that sits on the stage
  of an overhead projector and is connected to a
  computer. The computer image (such as a
  PowerPoint presentation) is transmitted to the
  LCD panel which then projects the image through
  the overhead projector.
• Very few companies sell these anymore because LCD
  projectors cost the same and are much better.

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Visual Presenter

• Replaced the Opaque Projector
• Can project documents, objects, etc.
• Commonly called an Elmo because of a name brand
  that is widely used

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Television

• In order to project a PowerPoint presentation
  on a television, a scan converter is needed.
• This connects the computer to the television
  through a converter device.
• AVerKey is a commonlyused brand of scan
  converter.

These are often found in schools!
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Video Projectors

• Also called data projectors, LCD projectors, DLP
  projectors (in the Netherlands they are called
  Beamers)

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Factors to Consider

• Native Resolution
• Get a projector that matches the native
  resolution of the computer you will be using for
  presentations
• SVGA (800 x 600)
• XGA (1024 x 768)
• SXGA (1280 x 1024)

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Factors

• Lamp Type 
• The two most common lamp types are Metal Halide
  and UHP ("Ultra-High Performance") lamps.
• With Metal Halide lamps, the bulb tends to
  diminish in quality over time, with a loss of
  brightness and shift in color as the lamp ages.
• UHP lamps--introduced by Philips--tend to retain
  their quality until the end of their useful life.
  
• You'll also want to pay attention to the listed
  lamp life for the projector (and cost some
  lamps cost 300)

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Factors

• Lumens Rating 
• The higher the lumens, the brighter. Therefore,
  higher lumen machines can be used in rooms with
  more light.
• The range should be 1,000 to 3,000. It is not
  uncommon to find projectors in the 600-800 Lumen
  range. They are marginal for general use.

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Factors

• Trueness of Color Adjustments 
• Trueness of color is also one of the significant
  differences between two major types of
  projectors LCD, for "Liquid Crystal Display", or
  DLP, for "Digital Light Processing".
• DLP projectors tend to be very bright, and they
  have become popular for smaller, lighter,
  "ultra-portable" projectors. To produce a color
  image, DLP projectors reflect a light through a
  rapidly spinning color wheel, which can lead to a
  slight flickering of color and sometimes to an
  unnatural color appearance.
• LCD projectors often do slightly better with
  color, but they tend to shift the color a bit
  towards the blue range, and some significantly
  so. 

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Factors

• Adjustments
• The two most significant adjustments on the
  projector are focus and zoom. Some projectors
  have a manual focus and a manual zoom, in which
  you rotate two rings around the lens--one to
  sharpen the image, and the other to change the
  size of the image.
• Other projectors have motorized zoom and focus
  controls, allowing you to perform those
  operations using buttons on the projector itself
  or using the projector's remote control.
• Keystone adjustments are also nice.

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Factors

• Inputs on the Projector 
• In general, LCD projectors should have sufficient
  inputs to connect several AV devices to them.
  Projectors usually come with two computer inputs
  (RGB1 and RGB2), one or two video inputs
  (composite video for VCR, component video for
  DVD), and an S-Video input for a document camera
  or other devices.

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Factors

• Sound Capability 
• Projectors often come with their own built-in
  speakers--with sufficient output to hear the
  sound in a small-sized room, but definitely not
  sufficient for a larger room. Typical mid-range
  projectors come with two- to three-watt stereo
  speakers your typical low-end desktop computer
  speakers come in the five-watt range, and a good
  set of external powered speakers for computer
  audio tend to run in the 20-watt range.

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Factors

• Remote Control 
• How easy is the remote control to use?
• Size
• How big do you want the device to be (3-7 pounds
  are common ranges today)
• Cost
• You can purchase a pretty good projector today
  for 500-700.

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One Important Note

• When you hook a laptop computer up to a
  projector, you may need to redirect the image
  from your computer screen to the projector. To do
  this you will need to hold down the Function key
  on your laptop and then press F7 or F8 depending
  upon the brand of computer. Look for the image on
  the F key.

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One more note

• Keystoning is an effect where the projected image
  is narrower at the bottom than at the top.

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Keystoning

• Keystoning is caused when the projector and the
  screen are not perfectly at 90 degrees to each
  other.
• The solution for overhead projectors is to
  slant the screen.
• The better video projectors can correct for
  keystoning electronically.

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Electronic White Boards

• An electronic whiteboard is just like the
  familiar white dry-erase board except it
  digitally captures what is written on its
  surface. It saves all the information you're
  writing in an electronic format. It does so by
  using a PC and software program.
• This is accomplished by
• Using special pens that have a collar that is
  recognized by lasers fixed on one edge of the
  board.
• Ultrasonic sound waves

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Electronic White Boards

• What is written on the board is saved as a file
  that can then be printed, e-mailed, posted on
  the web, etc.
• Some white boards have special sensors that can
  be used to control a computer. Thus you can
  demonstrate how to use Word, PowerPoint, etc.
  while standing at the board and tapping on the
  board.

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Electronic White Boards

• Most electronic white boards sell in the
  1,000-2,000 range.
• There are add on devices that one can use to
  convert a standard white board to an electronic
  whiteboard.
• Mimio and E-beam are two popular brands
• The cost is in the 500 neighborhood.

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Audience Response Systems

• Clickers allow audience members to respond to
  questions that are incorporated into PowerPoint
  presentations.
• Research shows thatstudents learn more because
  they are more deeply involved in the
  teaching-learning process.

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Clickers

• Two of the major supplies of clickers are
• eInstruction
• Turning Technologies

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Remote Mouse

• A real professional presenter will use a remote
  mouse.
• A receiving unit plugs into the USB port
• RF (Radio Frequency) Technology is used today.
  Therefore you dont have to point the device at a
  receiving unit.
• Cost range from 50--150.

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Your Job

• Assume your employer has just found 700 left
  over in the budget and has decided to give it to
  you to spend on a projector. Get with a partner
  and go to www.cnet.com and find the reviews of
  projectors. Identify the best projector that
  costs less than 700. List at least 3 features
  that you consider to be good. You will report
  your recommendations to the class in 12 minutes.