Cell Cycle, DNA, Genetics and Heredity

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Cell Cycle, DNA, Genetics and Heredity

• Quiz Review Presentation

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1. What are 5 stages to the cell cycle?
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1. What are 5 stages to the cell cycle?
Interphase (longest), Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase
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2. What are two new cells, formed after
Mitosis, called?
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2. What are two new cells, formed after
Mitosis, called?
Daughter Cells
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3. What are 4 differences between Mitosis and
Meiosis?
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3. What are 4 differences between Mitosis and
Meiosis?
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4. What is the name of the 1st cell formed after
fertilization?
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4. What is the name of the 1st cell formed after
fertilization called?
Zygote
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5. 36 chromosomes can be found in leaf cells of
a certain species of plant. What is the plants
diploid number? Haploid number?
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5. 36 chromosomes can be found in leaf cells of
a certain species of plant. What is the plants
diploid number? Haploid number?
36 Chromosomes Diploid 18 Chromosomes Haploid
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6. Three things happen to a cell during
Interphase? What are they?
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6. Three things happen to a cell during
Interphase? What are they?
G1 Growth ? S Replication ? G2 Prepares to
divide
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7. What stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?
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7. What stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?
Metaphase
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8. What three molecules make up a nucleotide?
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8. What three molecules make up a nucleotide?
Sugar (Ribose or Deoxyribose), Phosphate, and
Nitrogen Bases
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9. What process is referred to as reduction
division?
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9. What does the term reduction division stand
for?
Chromosome number is REDUCED as the cell DIVIDES.
This is a term for Meiosis.
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10. An organism is known to be triploid. What
does this mean?
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10. An organism is known to be triploid. What
does this mean?
This organism has three (3) sets of chromosomes.
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11. What is this genetic chart called?
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11. What is this genetic chart called?
Pedigree
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12. What are gametes?
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12. What are gametes?
Sex Cells
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13. What is another term for gametogenesis?
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13. What is another term for gametogenesis?
Meiosis The making of sex cells or gametes
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14. Who is Gregor Mendel
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14. Who is Gregor Mendel
The Father of Genetics Austrian monk who studied
the inheritance of traits in the Pea Plant.
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15. Why is sexual reproduction more advantageous
to a species than asexual reproduction?
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15. Why is sexual reproduction more advantageous
to a species than asexual reproduction?
It create offspring genetically different, but
related to the parents. Allows for quicker
adaptation to the environment.
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16. What are the two gametes produced by plants
called?
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16. What are the two gametes produced by plants
called?
Pollen (male) and Egg (female).
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17. What does non-disjunction mean? When
would this happen?
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17. What does non-disjunction mean? When
would this happen?
The failure of chromosome pairs to separate
during Meiosis.
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18. How is Meiosis I different than Meiosis II?
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18. How is Meiosis I different than Meiosis II?
Meiosis I Chromosome pairs separate (46 ?
23) Meiosis II Chromosome copies separate
(Same as Mitosis)
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19. What does this picture illustrate?
Homologous Chromosomes
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19. What does this picture illustrate?
Crossing Over during Meiosis
Homologous Chromosomes
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21. Bonus What does the fertilized ovary of a
plant become?
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21. Bonus What does the fertilized ovary of a
plant become?
Fruit
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23. Why do they refer to DNA as a double-helix?
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23. Why do they refer to DNA as a double-helix?
Double-stranded and helical (spiral) shape.
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24. What protein enzyme unzips DNA so
replication OR transcription can occur?
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24. What protein enzyme unzips DNA so
replication OR transcription can occur?
DNA Helicase
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25. What are autosomes?
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25. What are autosomes?
Chromosomes 1-22 (Body Chromosomes)
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26. What are three (3) causes of genetic
variation?
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26. What are three (3) causes of genetic
variation?
1. Crossing Over 2. Mutation 3. Random Assortment
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27. What are Mendels 3 Laws of Genetic
Inheritance?
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27. What are Mendels 3 Laws of Genetic
Inheritance?

• Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes
• Alleles can be dominant or recessive
• 3. Alleles separate during Meiosis

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28. What can be found in DNA, but not in RNA?
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28. What can be found in DNA, but not in RNA?
You have (2) choices here Thymine base OR
Deoxyribose sugar
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29. What would the anti-codon be for this DNA
gene sequence?
A A T C C G G C T A A T C C G T C A
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29. What would the anti-codon be for this DNA
gene sequence?
A A T C C G G C T A A T C C G T C A
A A U C C G G C U A A U C C G U C A
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30. What is wrong with this picture?
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30. What is wrong with this picture?
3 21 Chromosomes
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31. What is this genetic picture called?
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31. What is this genetic picture called?
Karyotype
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What type of mutation would lead
to an individual with
this situation?
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What type of mutation would lead
to an individual with
this situation?
Non-disjunction during Meiosis
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33. What is a mutation?
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33. What is a mutation?
A random change in DNA that leads to genetic
variation in a species. Most mutations are not
beneficial, but harmful to an organism. Mutation
causes the wrong proteins to be made in the cell.
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34. Using your codon key, can you predict which
amino acids would be needed for the following
gene sequence?
A A C C G G T C G A T C
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35. How is transcription and replication
different?
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35. How is transcription and replication
different?
Transcription is the process of making mRNA from
DNA Replication is the process of copying DNA
or chromosomes?
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36. What are three (3) types of RNA?
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36. What are three (3) types of RNA?
rRNA ribosomal RNA mRNA messenger RNA tRNA
transfer RNA
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37. During what process do most mutations occur?
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37. During what process do most mutations occur?
Replication
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38. What two sugars help make up DNA and RNA
nucleotides?
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38. What two sugars help make up DNA and RNA
nucleotides?
Deoxyribose and Ribose
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39. What is the purpose of DNA polymerase?
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39. What is the purpose of DNA polymerase?
It is needed to complete DNA Replication.
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40. What process is this illustrating?
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40. What process is this illustrating?
Replication
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41. What are alleles?
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41. What are alleles?
Different forms of a Gene
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42. What is an example of a trait controlled by
multiple alleles?
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42. What is an example of a trait controlled by
multiple alleles?
Blood Typing A, B, O (3 alleles)
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43. What does hybrid mean?
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43. What does hybrid mean?
Hybrid means cross
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44. What do we call the following genetic tool?
What does it help us do?
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44. What do we call the following genetic tool?
What does it help us do?
Punnett Square
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45. What is an example of a human trait that is
controlled by sex-linkage?
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45. What is an example of a human trait that is
controlled by sex-linkage?
Color blindness, Pattern baldness Hemophilia
are three examples
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46. If you have a tall (T) plant, what would be
the best way to figure out his complete genotype
for height?
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46. If you have a tall (T) plant, what would be
the best way to figure out his complete genotype
for height?
Perform a Test Cross T? X tt The offspring
phenotypes will reveal dads other allelle
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47. You set up a (Parental) cross with two
heterozygous plants for seed color (Yyellow).
What would be the phenotype genotype ratios of
F1s.
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47. You set up a (Parental) cross with two
heterozygous plants for seed color (Yyellow).
What would be the phenotype genotype ratios of
F1s.
YY 14 Yellow 34 Yy 24
Green 14 Yy 14

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48. How many different gametes can an individual
with the following genotype form?
RrSsTT
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48. How many different gametes can an individual
with the following genotype form?
RrSs
4
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49. If two parents are heterozygous for height,
color and seed shape, what are the odds their
offspring will be homozygous dominant for 2
traits and heterozygous for the other trait.
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49. If two parents are heterozygous for height,
color and seed shape, what are the odds their
offspring will be homozygous dominant for 2
traits and heterozygous for the other trait.
.25 X .25 X .5
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50. How many different parent phenotypes, when
crossed, can produce a child with B blood?
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50. How many different parent phenotypes, when
crossed, can produce a child with B blood?
A A, A B, A O, AB A, AB O, AB B, AB
AB
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51. BONUS What blood type is known as a
Universal Recipient?
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51. BONUS What blood type is known as a
Universal Recipient?
AB
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52. What is the function of a protein?
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52. What is the function of a protein?
Controls your traits. (Controls all cell
functions)
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53. So, genes hold the directions to make
proteins. What are these proteins made of ?
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53. So, genes hold the directions to make
proteins. What are these proteins made of ?
Amino Acids
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54. Can you name 4 random changes in autosomal
DNA?
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54. Can you name 4 random changes in autosomal
DNA?
Deletion or Frameshift Mutation Inversion Transloc
ation Point Mutation Insertion