Chapter 6

1
Chapter 6 Pictorial Sketching
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2
Chapter 6 Pictorial Sketching
3
Projection Systems
Page 169
4
Multiview vs Axonometric Projection
Page 170, Figure 6.2
5
Overview

• Previous discussion centered on multiview
  drawings -2D orthographic projections (Chap 5)

• Focus now on pictorial drawings which look more
  like pictures than a multiview drawing (3D).
• Easier to visualize design
• Sometimes added to multiview drawing for
  clarification
• Good for marketing, shows assembly, inspect fits,
  conceptual ideas
• Not good for dimensioning/manufacturing (cant
  show detail)

6
Exploded Isometric Assembly
Isometric drawings are frequently used to show
how parts assemble as in this automobile power
module.
7
Axonometric Projections
Page 154

• We will focus on isometric sketching.
• Note, all angles are equal, and all line segments
  are equal (cube)

8
Isometric Projection vs. Sketch
Page 155
Isometric projections are foreshortened because
the object is tipped with respect to the viewing
plane. Isometric sketches, or drawings, are not
usually foreshortened because they still appear
proportionate when showing the dimensions full
size along isometric axis lines. It is easier
just to sketch the full dimension.
9
Step by Step Isometric Sketching
Page 156
10
Axis, Views and Dimensions
3D - Isometric
Axis?
Views?
Top
Top
Front
R Side
Front
R Side
2D - Orthographic
11
Axis, Views and Dimensions
3D - Isometric
Axis?
Views?
Top
Top
Front
R Side
Front
R Side
2D - Orthographic
12
Axis, Views and Dimensions
3D - Isometric
Axis?
Views?
Dimensions?
Top
Top
Depth
H
Front
R Side
Width
D
W
Isometric Line
Isometric Plane
Height
Front
R Side
2D - Orthographic
13
Hidden Lines
Hidden lines are not usually shown in isometric
sketches unless they are needed to show a feature
that would be unclear. Usually the orientation
for the isometric drawing should be chosen so
that hidden lines arent needed. Holes are
assumed to go completely through the object
unless their depth is indicated with a note or
with hidden lines.
14
Axis 1st Position VS 2nd Position
1. Box in overall dimensions.
2. Which view is most descriptive? Sketch as much
of it as you can.
Non-isometric Plane
2nd Position
15
Solid Modeling Demo

• Pro/ENGINEER (planes)

16
Example
¼ GRID
17
Locating Features
Page 158
To locate a feature such as the upper block, make
measurements from an existing corner as shown
here.
18
Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
2. Number the plane in the other views.
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
1
Point 1
.5,
1.5,
.5

• 4
• 2 1

2, 3, 1,4
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0 W, H, D
19
Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
2. Number the plane in the other views.
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
2
1
Point 1
.5, 1.5, .5

• 4
• 2 1

Point 2
1.5,
1.5,
.5
0, 0, 0
2, 3, 4, 1
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
20
Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
2. Number the plane in the other views.
3
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
2
4
1
Point 1
.5, 1.5, .5

• 4
• 2 1

Point 2
1.5, 1.5, .5
Point 3
1.5, 1.5, 1
Point 4
.5, 1.5, 1
0, 0, 0
2, 3, 4, 1
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
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Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
2. Number the plane in the other views.
3
4
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
2
1
4
1
Point 1
.5, 1.5, .5

• 4
• 2 1

, 4
Point 2
1.5, 1.5, .5
Point 1
.5, 2, .5
, 1
Point 4
.5, 2, 1
0, 0, 0
1,
4
2, 3, 1,4
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
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Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
2. Number the plane in the other views.
3
4
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
2
1
4
1
Point 1
.5, 1.5, .5

• 4
• 2 1
  

, 4
, 3
Point 2
1.5, 1.5, .5
Point 2
1.5, 2, .5
, 1
, 2
Point 3
1.5, 2, 1
0, 0, 0
2,
1, 4
3
2, 3, 4, 1
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
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Plotting Points
1. Number the plane you want to locate.
3
2. Number the plane in the other views.
2
4
3. Locate the plane in the isometric view point
by point.
2
1
4
1
Point 1
.5, 1.5, .5

• 4
• 2 1
  

, 4
, 3
Point 2
1.5, 1.5, .5
Point 2
1.5, 2, .5
, 1
, 2
Point 3
1.5, 2, 1
0, 0, 0
2,
1, 4
3
2, 3, 4, 1
1, 2 4, 3
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
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Plotting Points
1. Number points.
2. Locate axis (0,0,0) (W,H,D)
3. Locate each point.
4. Connect points.
5. Darken appropriate lines.
2
1
3
3
2
1
3, 3
1, 1
Point 1?
.75, 2, 0
Point 3?
2, 2
1.5, 2, 0
Points 1,, 2, 3?
Point 2?
1.5, 1.25, 0
25
Plotting Points
1. Number points.
2. Locate axis (0,0,0) (W,H,D)
3
3. Locate each point.
4. Connect points.
3
1
5. Darken appropriate lines.
2
1
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
3, 3
1, 1
Point 1?
.75, 2, 0
Point 3?
2, 2
1.5, 2, 0
Points 1,, 2, 3?
Point 2?
1.5, 1.25, 0
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Plotting Points
1. Number points.
2. Locate axis (0,0,0) (W,H,D)
3
3. Locate each point.
4. Connect points.
3
1
5. Darken appropriate lines.
2
1
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
3, 3
1, 1
Point 1?
.75, 2, 0
Point 3?
2, 2
2.25, 2, 0
Points 1,, 2, 3?
Point 2?
1.5, 1.25, 0
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Inclined Surfaces in Isometric
Page 157
Inclined surfaces can not be measured along
inclined lines in an isometric sketch. To locate
inclined surfaces you must make measurements
along the isometric axis lines.
28
Locating on a Non-isometric Plane
Locate the center of the circle.
.5, 1.0625, .75
Point 1 coordinates?
1
1
1
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Locating on a Non-isometric Plane
Locate the center of the circle.
.5, 1.0625, .75
Point 1 coordinates?
1
1
1
1
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Complete the Isometric
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
2 3 1 4
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Activities

• Lightly show all construction lines.

32
Chapter 6 Pictorial Sketching
Circles and Arcs
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33
Circles in Isometric

• Circles appear as ellipses when drawn in an
  isometric sketch.

Video clip here
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Frontal Plane
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Profile Plane
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Horizontal Plane
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Notice Direction of Ellipses

• Dependent on Sketch Plane

Horizontal Plane
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Notice Direction of Ellipses

• Dependent on Sketch Plane

Frontal Plane
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Notice Direction of Ellipses

• Dependent on Sketch Plane

Profile Plane
40
Notice Direction of Ellipses

• Dependent on Sketch Plane

41
Steps to Sketching Ellipse on Frontal Plane
Lines must be sketched parallel to appropriate
axis lines
Center lines must be parallel to Frontal plane
axis lines.
Isometric Axis
Step 3 Determine radius
42
Backside
43
Sketch the Following Soup Cans

• Show ALL construction lines lightly

Cylinders Ø1 X 2
Thru hole Ø.25
1 Grid 1/4
44
Thin Object
45
Thin Object - Backside
Sketch entire ellipse?
46
Arcs in Isometric Sketches
Arcs are usually sketched by locating their
centers and then boxing in the enclosing
parallelogram. Sketch the arc tangent to the
enclosing box, which is drawn along isometric
lines.
47
Arc
48
Arc Bottom Side
Sketch entire ellipse?
49
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