Blood Vessels and Circulation

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Chapter 16

• Blood Vessels and Circulation

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Overview

• Circulations (2)
• Blood vessels
• Structure and functions
• Major arteries and veins
• Special circulations
• Blood pressure
• Capillary exchange

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• The Vascular System
• Closed system
• Blood vessels
• Four heart chambers

4

• Blood Vessels
• Five types of blood vessels
• Arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillaries
• Venules
• Veins

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Checkpoint 16-1 What are the five types of blood
vessels?
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• Blood Circuits
• Two groups of blood vessels
• The pulmonary circuit
• Pulmonary artery and its branches
• Capillaries in lungs
• Pulmonary veins
• The systemic circuit
• Aorta
• Systemic capillaries
• Systemic veins

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Circulation
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Blood flow in a closed system of vessels. Oxygen
content changes as blood flows through the
capillaries.   Zooming In u Judging from color
coding, which vessels pick up oxygen? Which
vessels release oxygen?
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Checkpoint 16-2 What are the two blood circuits
and what areas does each serve?
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• Vessel Structure
• Three tunics (coats) of arteries and veins
• Inner (endothelium)
• Middle (smooth voluntary muscle)
• Controlled by autonomic nervous system
• Thinner in veins
• Outer (supporting connective tissue)

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Sections of small blood vessels. Drawings show
the thick wall of an artery, the thin wall of a
vein, and the single-layered wall of a capillary.
A venous valve also is shown. The arrow indicates
the direction of blood flow.   Zooming In u Which
vessels have valves that control blood flow?
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Checkpoint 16-3 What type of tissue makes up the
middle layer of arteries and veins, and how is
this tissue controlled? Checkpoint 16-4 How
many cell layers make up the wall of a capillary?
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• Systemic Arteries
• The aorta
• Largest artery
• Receives blood from left ventricle
• Branches to all organs

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• The Aorta and Its Parts
• Ascending aorta
• Aortic arch
• Thoracic aorta
• Abdominal aorta

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Principal systemic arteries.
 The aorta and its branches.   Zooming In u How
many brachiocephalic arteries are there?
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• Branches of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch
• Ascending aorta
• Left and right coronary arteries
• Aortic arch
• Brachiocephalic artery
• Right subclavian artery
• Right common carotid artery
• Left common carotid artery
• Left subclavian artery

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• Branches of the Thoracic Aorta
• Branches to chest wall, esophagus, and bronchi
• Intercostal arteries

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• Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• Celiac trunk
• Left gastric artery
• Splenic artery
• Hepatic artery
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Inferior mesenteric artery
• Paired lateral branches
• Phrenic arteries
• Suprarenal arteries
• Renal arteries
• Ovarian and testicular arteries
• Lumbar arteries

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Checkpoint 16-5 What are the subdivisions of the
aorta, largest artery?
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• The Iliac Arteries and Their Subdivisions
• Internal iliac arteries
• External iliac arteries
• Femoral artery
• Popliteal artery
• Tibial arteries
• Dorsalis pedis

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• Arteries That Branch to the Arm and Head
• External carotid artery
• Internal carotid artery
• Subclavian artery
• Vertebral artery
• Axillary artery
• Brachial artery
• Radial artery
• Ulnar artery

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Checkpoint 16-6 What arteries are formed by the
final division of the abdominal aorta?
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• Systemic Veins
• Superficial veins
• Cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins
• Saphenous veins
• Deep veins
• Femoral and iliac vessels
• Brachial, axillary, subclavian vessels
• Jugular veins
• Brachiocephalic vein

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• The Venae Cavae and Their Tributaries
• Superior vena cava
• Head, neck, upper extremities
• Azygos vein
• Chest wall
• Inferior vena cava
• Right, left veins from paired parts, organs
• Unpaired veins from spleen, digestive tract

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Principal systemic veins.   Zooming In u How many
brachiocephalic veins are there?
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Checkpoint 16-7 Veins are described as
superficial or deep. What does superficial mean?
Checkpoint 16-8 What two large veins drain the
systemic blood vessels and empty into the right
atrium?
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• The Hepatic Portal System
• Carries blood from abdominal organs to liver
• Superior mesenteric vein
• Splenic vein
• Gastric, pancreatic, inferior mesenteric veins
• Sinusoids

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Hepatic portal system
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Fetal circulation
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Effect of resistance on pressure
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Baroreceptor reflex
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Capillary exchange Filtration and osmosis