Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

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Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

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Special Circulations
Pulmonary Circulation
Right ventricle ? Pulmonary trunk ? Right and
left pulmonary arteries ? Lobar arteries (2 left,
3 right) ? Arterioles ? Pulmonary
capillaries ? Diffusion ? Venules ? Veins ? Pulmon
ary veins ? Left atrium
Functional blood supply for the lungs comes from
the aorta and through the bronchial arteries.
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Special Circulations
Fetal Circulation
Placenta ? Umbilical vein ? Ductus
venosus ? Inferior vena cava ? Right
atrium ? Foramen ovale ? Left atrium ? Left
ventricle ? Aorta ? Body ? Internal iliac
arteries ? Umbilical arteries ? Placenta
Liver
Right ventricle ? Pulmonary trunk ? Ductus
arteriosus
Lower extremities
Umbilical cord is made of the umbilical vein and
two umbilical arteries. Vein carries nutrients
and O2 to fetus. Arteries carry CO2 and wastes
from fetus to placenta.
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Special Circulation
Arterial Supply of the Brain
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Subclavian artery
Vertebral arteries
Common carotid arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Basilar artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
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Special Circulation
Arterial Supply of the Brain
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Major Systemic Veins

• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Lower Limb
Dorsal venous arch
Dorsalis pedis vein ? Anterior tibial
vein ? Popliteal vein ? Femoral vein ? External
iliac vein ? Common iliac vein ? Inferior vena
cava
Small saphenous vein
Great saphenous vein
Plantar Arch ? plantar veins ? Posterior tibial
vein
Fibular (peroneal) vein
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BLOOD VESSELS
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BLOOD VESSELS
Arterioles
Veinules
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COMPARISON OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS
Arteries Arterioles
Capillaries
Veinules Veins
(Blood)
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CAPILLARY BEDS
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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VENOUS PUMP
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VENOUS PUMP

• 1. Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima
  prevent backflow of blood in veinules veins.
• 2. Function like semilunar valves forcing blood
  to flow against gravity toward the heart.

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VENOUS PUMP

• 3. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of
  veins provide force to move blood from one valve
  through the next toward the heart.
• 4. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of
  veins provide force to move blood from one valve
  through the next toward the heart.

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VARICOSE VEINS

• 1. Veins that are stretched, dilated overfilled
  with blood due to incompetent valves
• 2. Contributing causes
• Weak valves or veins - (heredity)
• Excessive weight
• Excessive standing, straining
• Inadequate exercise
• Increased intra-pelvic pressure - pregnancy,
  constipation

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VARICOSE VEINS
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MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY
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ARTERIES OF THE LEG
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ARTERIES OF THE HEAD NECK
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Major Systemic Veins
Lower Limb

• Dorsal venous arch
• Great saphenous
• Femoral
• External iliac
• Common iliac
• Inferior vena cava

• Dorsal venous arch
• Great saphenous
• Small saphenous
• Dorsalis pedis
• Anterior tibial
• Popliteal
• Femoral
• External iliac
• Common iliac
• Inferior vena cava

• Plantar arch
• Plantar veins
• Posterior tibial
• Fibular
• Anterior tibial
• Popliteal
• Femoral
• External iliac
• Common iliac
• Inferior vena cava

• Dorsal venous arch
• Small saphenous
• Popliteal
• Femoral
• External iliac
• Common iliac
• Inferior vena cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Abdomen
INFERIORVENACAVA
Hepatic veins
Hepatic veins
Left suprarenal vein
Right suprarenal vein
Renal vein
Left gonadal vein
Right gonadal vein
Lumbar veins
Lumbar veins
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Major Systemic Veins
Head and Neck
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Major Systemic Veins
Head and Neck

• Occipital vein
• Posterior arcuate vein
• External jugular vein
• Subclavian vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

• Facial vein
• Superficial temporal vein
• Internal jugular vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

• Vertebral vein
• Subclavian vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Upper Limb
Median antibrachial vein
Ulnar vein Radial vein
Basilic vein
Brachial vein
Cephalic
Axillary ? Subclavian ? Brachiocephalic
? Superior vena cava
Median cubital vein
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Major Systemic Veins
Upper Limb

• Ulnar vein
• Radial vein
• Brachial vein
• Axillary vein
• Subclavian vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

• Basilic vein
• Brachial vein
• Axillary vein
• Subclavian vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

• Cephalic vein
• Axillary vein
• Subclavian vein
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Superior vena cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Thorax
Azygos System
Posterior intercostal veins ? Ascending lumbar
vein
Accessory hemiazygos veins
Hemiazygos vein
Azygos vein
Superior vena cava
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Major Systemic Veins
Thorax Azygos System

• Posterior intercostal veins
• Ascending lumbar vein
• Accessory hemiazygos veins
• Azygos vein
• Superior vena cava

• Posterior intercostal veins
• Ascending lumbar veins
• Hemiazygos vein
• Azygos vein
• Superior vena cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Hepatic Portal System
Veins from distal large intestine ? Inferior
mesenteric vein
Veins from spleen ? Splenic vein
Veins from small intestine, ascending and
transverse colon ? Superior mesenteric vein
Veins from digestive viscera, spleen,
pancreas ? Hepatic Portal vein ? Liver ? Hepatic
veins ? Inferior vena cava
Veins from lesser curvature of stomach ? Left
gastric vein
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Major Systemic Veins
Hepatic Portal System

• Veins from small intestine, ascending and
  transverse colon
• Superior mesenteric vein
• Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas
• Hepatic portal vein
• Liver
• Hepatic veins
• Inferior vena cava

• Veins from distal large intestine
• Inferior mesenteric vein
• Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas
• Hepatic portal vein
• Liver
• Hepatic veins
• Inferior vena cava

• Veins from spleen
• Splenic vein
• Veins from digestive viscera, spleen and pancreas
• Hepatic portal vein
• Liver
• Hepatic veins
• Inferior vena cava

• Veins from lesser curvature of stomach
• Left gastric vein
• Liver
• Hepatic veins
• Inferior vena cava

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Major Systemic Veins
Hepatic Portal System