Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Equipment

1
Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Equipment
2
3 Primary Components of the Radiographic Room

• X-ray tube
• X-ray table
• Control console

3
Primary components of the X-ray tube

• Anode
• Positive side of the x-ray tube
• Composed of a cold metallic plate that electrons
  interact with to produce x-rays
• Cathode
• Negative side of the x-ray tube
• Consist of a filament that produces electrons

4
Types of X-ray tube stands

• Floor mounted
• Connects tube to a series of tracks along the
  floor that allows the tube to move
• Floor to ceiling
• The connecting tracts are on the ceiling and the
  floor
• Floor to wall
• The connecting tracts are on the wall and the
  floor
• Overhead suspension
• The connecting tracts are suspended in the
  ceiling
• Table type
• Has a tube integrated into the table itself

5
Tube Travel Positions

• Longitudinal
• Moves the tube lengthwise the radiographic table
• Transverse
• Moves the tube crosswise or at right angles to
  the radiographic table
• Vertical
• Moves the tube up and down toward the ceiling or
  floor
• Tube angulation
• Pivots the tube at the point where it is attached
  to its support

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Other components of the x-ray tube

• Collimators or shutters
• Method of controlling the x-ray beam by placing
  lead plates that block a portion of the x-ray
  beam from being used
• Collimator light
• A light that corresponds with the shutters that a
  radiographer uses to position the patient within
  the x-ray field
• Positive beam limitation device
• Limits the size of the collimators to the film
  size

7
Types of x-ray tables

• Tilting
• 90/90 tilt
• Tilts from horizontal to 90 degrees vertically in
  either direction
• Non-tiliting
• Does not tilt

8
Types of x-ray tables

• Free floating
• Allows table top to be moved in any direction
  with the application of a switch
• Stationary
• The table top does not move

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Types of x-ray tables

• Adjustable height
• The height of the table will raise or lower
• Non adjustable height
• The height of the table does not move

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Other components of the table

• Bucky tray
• Place where the radiographic image receptor is
  placed during the exposure
• Grid
• Placed in between the patient and the image
  receptor to help enhance the image quality

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Wall Mounted Systems

• Wall Bucky
• Like a mini x-ray table that is attached to the
  wall
• Will move only up and down
• Has a moving grid
• Cassette holder
• Holds the image receptor but has no moving grids

12
Control console

• The most familiar to technologist
• Where exposure factors are set for exams

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Components of the Control Console

• mAs selector
• Is a product of millamperage (mA) and time
  (seconds)
• Control the number of electrons created that
  makes an exposure
• Controls quantity of electrons

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Components of the Control Console

• kVp selector
• Kilovoltage peak
• Controls the amount of voltage used in making an
  exposure and the power of the electrons
• Controls the quality of the electrons

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Components of the Control Console

• Rotor exposure switch
• Controls the execution of the radiographic
  exposure
• Dead man type

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Common errors with the exposure switch

• Preparing the patient before the rotor reached
  adequate speed to make the exposure
• Releasing the exposure button before an adequate
  time has elapsed to complete the exposure

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Other components of the control console

• Line compensator monitor
• Autotransformer
• Exposure timers

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Fluoroscopic Imaging

• Fluoroscopy
• Continuous or dynamic radiographic images
  (radiography in motion

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Fluoroscopic Equipment

• Fluoroscope
• Similar to radiographic equipment with an
  addition of an image intensification unit
• Fluoroscopy carriage
• Contains the image intensifier tube used during
  fluoroscopy and the spot film device used to
  obtain radiographs during fluoroscopy

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Digital Imaging

• The film is replaced by computerized sensing and
  storage devices
• Will enable a film less system to be introduced
  into the radiographic world

21
Mobile Equipment

• Similar to stationary equipment on a more compact
  scale
• Also called portable equipment
• The components are the same but the power supply
  is very different