Southeast Asians and Asian American Family

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Southeast Asians and Asian American Family

• EWS404
• Week 9

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• Southeast Asia
• People from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
  (Campucheans), and Thailand including ethnic
  group Hmongs from Laos, and the ethnic Chinese
  from Vietnam.
• Treaty of 1787
• Gave France exclusive trading rights and access
  to the sea ports.
• Treaty of 1862
• Ceded three provinces including Saigon, paid four
  million piasters as an indemnity, and the French
  gained the right to navigate the Mekong River.

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• Japanese Occupation 1940
• Agreement signed in July 1941 by Japan and
  collaborationist Vichy government in France, the
  Japanese troops could move freely through the
  Indochina though the French flag continued to fly
  there.
• The Great Famine
• In 1945 about 2 millions of Vietnamese died of
  hunger in the North of Vietnam.
• Ho Chi Minh
• Born in 1890 Nguyen Sinh Cung, went to France in
  1913. In 1919, Ho appealed to Paris Peace
  Conference for the right of self-determination,
  established the Revolutionary Youth Movement in
  1925 and became Indochina Communist Party in
  1929, and the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1930.

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• In 1932, Prince Bao Dai
• Born under the name Vinh Thuy on Oct. 22, 1913,
  son of emperor of Annam, a dynasty founded in
  1803, cooperated with the Japanese to retain his
  throne, and tried to resume his power in the
  South in 1954, deposed by Ngo Dinh Diem in 1955,
  and visited the US in 1982, died in Aug. 4, 1997.
  
• The First Indochina War of 1946-54
• A French cruiser shelled Haiphong, the port of
  Hanoi in late 1946 killing about 6,000 civilians.
  But the French was eventually defeated at Dien
  Bien Phu 1954 with 1,500 killed and 4,000
  wounded.

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• The Geneva Conference of 1954
• Independence of Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia,
  and Vietnam was partitioned at the 17th parallel
  a free national election to be held in Vietnam in
  1956.
• U.S. Involvement
• 1950 to 54, the U.S. sent arms worth 2.6
  billion. In 1963, there were more 16,000
  American soldiers there from 1965, America began
  bombing the North. Communists took several cities
  in central Vietnam at the cost of 40,000 lives
  during the Tet Battle of 1968. In 1969, the U.S.
  air force dropped 100,000 tons of bombs over 15
  month in Cambodia and supported Lon Nol led a
  coup against Sihanouk.

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• THE COST OF THE WAR
• 58,196 Americans were killed and about 3
  millions of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians
  were killed including 666,000 North Vietnamese
  soldiers, and 300,000 South Vietnamese soldiers.
  Five to Nine million people were refugees. The
  cost of the war was 750 billion US dollars.

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• Southeast Asians in US 1990 1 million
• Vietnamese -- 614,547
• Cambodians -- 147.411
• Laotians -- 239,096
• 1985 64 below poverty line
• 1987 50 rely on welfare
• 1988 31 self-supporting

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• Fall of Saigon April 30, 1975.
• On April 18, President Ford used his "parole"
  power to admit 130,000 Vietnamese boats, and
  ferries Indochinese Resettlement Assistance law
  passed in 1975.
• The Second Wave or the boat people
• In 1978, the number of refugees rose to 85,230.
• Over 50 lost their lives. Many paid in gold the
  equivalent of 5,000. The government and their
  officials made 4 billion dollars in the process.

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• Places of First Asylum
• Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong
• Places of Second Asylum
• U.S., China, France, Canada, Australia, West
  Germany, and Britain. Japan, Singapore and
  Philippines also accepted some.
• From April 1975 to September 1984, move than
  700,000 Southeast Asians were admitted.

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• Orderly Departure Program
• Between Vietnam and the U.N. in May 31, 1979.
• Amerasian Homecoming Act in 1988
• 62,351 and their families arrived by 1992.
• Ethnic Chinese
• 1 to 1.5 million of Chinese in Vietnam mostly in
  the South(90), more particularly in Cholon, twin
  city of Saigon.
• Hmong people in Laos