Southeast Asia Mainland and Island Activity: Charting Asian

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Southeast AsiaMainland and Island
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Chapter 29 Mainland Southeast Asia Chapter 30
Island Southeast Asia

• Section One Natural Environments
• Section Two History and Culture
• Section Three The Region Today

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Southeast Asia
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Landforms and Rivers

• Mainland Southeast Asia stretches southward from
  the Asian landmass and includes the countries of
  Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar
• To the west lies the Bay of Bengal and the
  Andaman Sea, the Malay Peninsula to the South,
  and to the east, the Gulf of Tonkin, the South
  China Sea, and Gulf of Thailand

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Landforms and Rivers

• Mainland Southeast Asia has three main landform
  regions
• In the north, rugged mountain ranges fan from the
  Himalayas and the Plateau of Tibet
• They stretch into Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and
  Vietnam
• A central region of plains and low plateaus lies
  to the south of Thailand and Cambodia
• River valleys and deltas make up the third major
  landform

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Landforms and Rivers

• Four major rivers flow southward from Asias
  mountainous interior
• The Irrawaddy empties into the Bay of Bengal the
  Chao Phraya flows into the Gulf of Thailand the
  Mekongthe regions longest riverflows through
  Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam into the South China
  Sea
• The Hong (Red) River flows across northern
  Vietnam into the Gulf of Tonkin

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Landforms and Rivers

• Island Southeast Asia includes the island nations
  of Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
  Philippines, and Singapore
• The region contains more than 20,000 islands,
  many of these making up the Malay
  Archipelagothey extend along the Equator from
  Sumatra to the island of New Guinea
• Other major islands include Borneo and the
  islands of the Philippines

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Myanmar
Laos
Hanoi
Vietnam
Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
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Philippine Sea
Gulf of Tonkin
Mekong River
Malay Peninsula
Celebes Sea
Borneo
Sumatra
New Guinea
Java
Bali
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Activity AKS 35bMap of Southeast Asia
HandoutQuiz to follow
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Chapter 29 Mainland Southeast Asia Chapter 30
Island Southeast Asia

• Section One Natural Environments
• Section Two History and Culture
• Section Three The Region Today

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Early Cultures and Settlement

• Over the centuries, various peoples moved into
  mainland Southeast Asiamostly from China
• The most developed culture group in the region
  was the Khmer
• The Khmer dominated what is now Cambodia from the
  year A.D. 800
• Angkor Wat, a huge temple complex built but the
  Khmer, reflects their advanced civilization and
  Hindu religion

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Angkor Wat in Cambodia, built in the 1100s as a
Hindu temple, is the largest religious complex
ever constructed
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Early Cultures and Settlement

• In the 1200s, Buddhism, introduced earlier from
  India and Sri Lanka, spread across mainland
  Southeast Asia
• The Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar, is a
  shrine sacred to the countrys Buddhists
• The gold-covered pagoda dates back to the 500s
  B.C., the structure was rebuilt in the 1770s

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Colonialism and Independence

• Europeans came to Southeast Asia in the early
  1500s
• Portuguese and Dutch sailors set up posts for
  trading in spices and other goods
• Burma (Myanmar) was a British colony
• The French controlled Cambodia, Laos, and
  Vietnam, all of which they called French
  Indochina
• Only Siam (Thailand) was never colonized

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Colonialism and Independence

• The Japanese invaded Southeast Asia during WWII
• After the war, nationalist groups in the region
  tried to end colonialism
• Over time, four newly independent countries
  emerged
• French Indochina was split into three
  countriesVietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
• Burma became independent from Britain and changed
  its name to Myanmar

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Colonialism and Independence

• In Vietnam, internal conflict led to a civil war
  involving the United States
• The U.S. was involved because it wanted to stop
  the spread of communism in Asia
• U.S. policy was based on the domino theorythe
  idea that if one country fell to communism,
  neighboring countries would follow like falling
  dominoes

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Project Reporting on the
Vietnam War

• Groups 3 or 4 Students Per Group
• Computer Lab Two Days?
• Materials Jump Drive
• Presentations 3 to 4 Slides Per Group Members
  with Written Scripts
• Rolls Anchor and 2 to 3 Reporters
• Rubric to follow

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Project Reporting on the
Vietnam War

• Rubric

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People, Languages, and Religion

• Each country in the region has one dominate
  cultural group
• These are the Burmans, Thais, Khmer, Lao, and
  Vietnamese
• There are differences within each group, such as
  Chinese influence in northern Vietnam and Khmer
  in southern Vietnam

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People, Languages, and Religion

• Mainland Southeast Asia has three main language
  families
• They are spoken by the largest ethnic groupsin
  the west the Burmese speak a Sino-Tibetan
  language related to Chinesein the west the
  Vietnamese speak languages from the
  Austro-Asiatic family

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People, Languages, and Religion

• Many of the smaller ethnic groups live in
  mountain areas
• More than 50 ethnic groups live in the Vietnamese
  highlandsthey include the Cham, Yao, Hmong, and
  Moung
• Most of the regions major cities have Chinese
  populations

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Hmong women
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People, Languages, and Religion

• The colonial languages of French and English are
  often spoken in the region
• English has become the language of international
  business in Southeast Asia
• Some people in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia still
  speak French

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People, Languages, and Religion

• The regions dominate religion is Buddhism
• Buddhism and Hinduism coexist in a unique way in
  ThailandHindu Brahmans lead most official
  ceremonies
• Most Vietnamese practice a mix of
  Confucianismwhich came from China
• Christianity and Islam are also present

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Food, Traditions, and Customs

• Buddhism shapes peoples lives in mainland
  Southeast Asia
• Thai men often spend time working and serving in
  monasteries
• In Laos, all Buddhist men have traditionally been
  expected to become monks for a portion of their
  lives

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Food, Traditions, and Customs

• The Kayan tribe of Myanmar (Burma) are the most
  known of all the Southeast Asian tribes as they
  wear ornaments known as neck rings, brass coils
  that are placed around the neck. These coils are
  first applied to young girls when they are around
  five years old
• Removing the coils does not cause a womans neck
  to collapse, although the muscles weaken
• There are different theories as to how the custom
  originated. One suggests men put the rings on
  their women to deter slave traders. Another
  theory is that it prevented tiger bites

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Activity Charting Asian Immigration to the
United States

• On your notes page, the eight most populous
  Asian-American groups in the United States in the
  year 1990 are listed.
• Place them in rank from 1-8 with who you think
  were the most populous being number 1 and the
  least populous being number 8.

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Asian Immigration to the United States

• Asian-American Groups living in the U.S. in 1990
• Vietnamese ___
• South Korean ___
• South Asian ___
• Laotian ___
• Japanese ___
• Filipino ___
• Chinese ___
• Cambodian ___

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Materials needed Colored Pencils

• Directions
• 1. Summarize and record the reasons for the Asian
  groups immigration to the United States on the
  arrow drawn from the groups country of origin to
  the United States.
• 2. Complete the key for the line graph.
• 3. Chart the number of immigrants from the group
  for key dates on the line graph.
• 4. Fill in the bar graph to represent the
  population of the group in the United States in
  1990.
• 5. Read the conclusions about Asian Immigration
  and discuss with a partner the information from
  your map, graphs and key from your handouts that
  supports or refutes each conclusion. Record your
  evidence in the appropriate column.

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Issues and Challenges

• Cambodia has experienced terrible problems since
  independence
• From 1975 to 1979, the country fell under the
  brutal rule of a communist group called the Khmer
  Rouge
• Its leaders wanted to change Cambodia into a
  rural peasant society
• The Khmer Rouge forced all citizens to work as
  field laborers
• They emptied the cities, separated families, and
  targeted educated people for execution

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Issues and Challenges

• Over 1 million Cambodians were killed.
  Starvation, disease, forced marches, and other
  hardships killed many more people
• An invasion by Vietnamese forces finally ended
  the terror
• Millions of land mines are left over from decades
  of fighting
• They maim or kill farmers and other civilians who
  accidently disturb the hidden explosives

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Chinese Immigration

• Population in 1990 1,645,472
• Economic Opportunity, escape from wars, floods,
  overpopulation, poverty, and unemployment
  (California Gold Rush).

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Chinese Railroad Workers
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San Francisco, California (Chinatown)
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Filipino Immigration

• Population in 1990 1,406,770
• Many came as American citizens (Spanish-American
  War) seeking economic opportunities, fleeing
  political and economic instability.

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Japanese Immigration

• Population in 1990 847,562
• Loss of land in Japan around 1900 economic
  opportunity in California and Hawaii.

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Japanese Internment Camp
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South Asian Immigration
(India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)

• Population in 1990 815,447
• Economic activity many worked as farm laborers
  and small farmers many highly educated
  professionals came from the bigger cities.

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South Korean Immigration

• Population in 1990 798,849
• Mostly economic activity but also fled poverty,
  famine and Japanese occupation of Korea. Today
  many are arriving for better educational
  opportunities

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Vietnamese Immigration

• Population in 1990 614,547
• Fleeing the Vietnam War, poverty, and political
  persecution hopes for stability in the U.S.

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Laotian Immigration

• Population in 1990 239,096
• Fleeing political persecution, civil war and
  fleeing the war in Vietnam hopes for stability
  in the U.S.

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Cambodian Immigration

• Population in 1990 147,411
• Fleeing brutal civil war (Pol Pot) escape
  conditions beyond their control hopes for
  stability in the U.S.

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Pol Pot
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Khmer RougeRed Cambodians
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Charting Asian Immigration to the United States

• Carefully read the statements. Use the evidence
  from your map, graphs, and the key events section
  that proves the statement to be fact or fiction

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1. Asian immigration continued to rise throughout
the twentieth century.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be TRUE
• The Immigration Act of 1965 made it possible for
  more Asians to immigrate to the U.S.
• Large numbers of South and Southeast Asians have
  come to the U.S. since 1975.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be FALSE
• Chinese immigrants have been coming to the U.S.
  since 1850, with the highest number coming in
  1882 while Japanese immigration reached its
  height around 1900, and declined during the rest
  of the century.
• In 1924, the National Origins Act severely
  limited Asian immigration but allowed European
  immigration

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2. The U.S. government was friendlier toward
Asian immigration after 1965.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be TRUE
• Immigration limitations were placed on Asians for
  decades before 1965.
• The U.S. government allowed refugees from
  Southeast Asia to immigrate to the U.S. after
  1975.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be FALSE
• No evidence given

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3. Asian immigrants came to the U.S. mainly for
economic activity.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be TRUE
• South Koreans, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, and
  South Asians have come to the U.S. for economic
  opportunity over many years.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be FALSE
• Southeast Asians from Laos, Vietnam, and
  Cambodia, fled war and persecution to come to the
  U.S.

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4. The Asian groups that immigrated earliest had
the largest population in the U.S. in 1990.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be TRUE
• Chinese and Filipino immigrants were two of the
  earliest groups and had the two largest Asian
  populations in the U.S. in 1990.
• Cambodians and Laotians came most recently to the
  U.S. and had the smallest populations in 1990.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be FALSE
• Even though the Japanese were the second earliest
  immigration group, their population in the U.S.
  is much lower than that of Filipinos who came
  later.

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5. The Vietnam War caused more Asian immigration
than any other event.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be TRUE
• Immigration from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
  began immediately following the Vietnam War and
  was dramatic in its numbers.

• Evidence that PROVES statement to be FALSE
• The Immigration Act of 1965 led to an increase in
  immigration from all Asian groups, not only
  Southeast Asians.

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Video Whats Going On
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Chapter 29 Mainland Southeast Asia Chapter 30
Island Southeast Asia

• Section One Natural Environments
• Section Two History and Culture
• Section Three The Region Today

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European Influence

• Island Southeast Asia came under the control of
  European colonial powers
• The Portuguese, who came in the 1500s, were the
  first Europeans to arrive
• They were searching for spices and therefore
  called the area the Spice Islands
• In the 1600s and 1700s, the Dutch drove out the
  Portuguese. Portugal lost all of its lands in the
  region except the island of Timor
• East Timor became a nation in

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European Influence

• Ferdinand Magellan reached the Philippines in
  1521 and claimed the islands for Spain
• The Spaniards wanted to Christianize and colonize
  the islands
• Roman Catholicism is the main faith of the
  Philippines today
• In 1898, after the Spanish-American War, the U.S.
  took over the Philippines
• These islands were the first large overseas U.S.
  territory

Filipinos Spanish/Native
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European Influence

• The Dutch went to the Spice Islands for commerce
• They controlled the spice and tea trade of what
  became known as the Dutch East Indies, what is
  today Indonesia
• The British set up colonies in Malaya on the
  Malay Peninsula
• In 1819, they founded Singapore, which became a
  major port for British and Chinese trade

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War and Independence

• In 1941 and 1942 Japan invaded European and U.S.
  territories in island Southeast Asia
• During WWII, the Japanese wanted the regions rich
  natural resourcesparticularly oil
• They occupied much of the region until the end of
  the war
• Soon after, the Philippines gained independence.
  The Dutch reestablished their rule after the war
  but the Indonesians resistedas a result, the
  Dutch gave up their colony in 1949

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Religion

• Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam have long been
  practiced in Southeast Asia
• Indonesia is the worlds most populous
  countrynearly 90 of its people are Muslim
• Europeans brought Christianity and today
  Christians live throughout the region
• In the Philippines, Roman Catholics make up more
  than 90 of its population

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Test Southeast Asia

• Study the following
• Notes Chapters 29 and 30
• Misc Matching
• Colonial names Matching
• Thailand
• Cambodia
• Myanmar
• Indonesia
• Read your text book!