Understanding the Complexities of Modern Asian Countries Indonesia

1
Understanding the Complexities of Modern Asian
Countries Indonesia

• Presented by
• Amy Fong
• Benoit Dupre
• Birgit Becker
• Luca Bortolani

2
(No Transcript)
3
Agenda

• Introduction
• Pre-colonial History
• European Colonialism
• Post World War II History
• Migration Patterns
• Economic facts

4
Introduction

• World's largest archipelago between the Indian
  Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
• Population 235 million
• Geography 13, 677 islands (3 000 inhabited)
• Language Bahasa Indonesia, English, Dutch,
  Javanese
• Religion Muslim 88, Protestant 5, Roman
  Catholic 3, Hindu 2, Buddhist 1, others 1
• Race Javanese 45, Sundanese 14, Madurese 7.5,
  coastal Malays 7.5, other 26 (more than 300
  distinct ethnic groups)

5
Pre-colonial History in Indonesia (7th - 14th
century)

• Srivijaya Kingdom
• Centred in Palembang
• Indianized
• Attracted Buddhist pilgrims and scholars from
  Asia
• Entrepôt for Chinese, Indonesian, and Indian
  markets

• Majapahit Kingdom
• Centred in East Java
• Hinduism and Buddhism
• Gajah Mada country's 1st real nation-builder
• Gadjah Mada University established by the
  Republic of Indonesia

6
European Colonialism (16th - 17th century)

• 1509 ? ?
• 1527 ? ?

7
European Colonialism (16th - 17th century)

• 1546 ?
• 1580 ?

8
European Colonialism (16th - 17th century)

• 1595 ? ?

9
European Colonialism(19th - 20th century)

• 1811 ?
• ? ?

• 1942 ?

10
European Colonialism(19th - 20th century)

• 15.08.1945 Declaration of Independence
• 1950 Independence granted by the UN after
  several talks.

11
Sukarno Regime

• Five Principles of Pancasila
• Third way between West and the Communist blocks,
  anti-imperialism
• Closer ties to the Soviet Union economic aid and
  weapon deliveries
• Social unrest, General Suharto is given special
  powers to dissolve this.
• 1967 Sukarno is voted out of office

12
Pancasila

• Belief in the one and only God
• Just and Civilized Humanity
• The unity of Indonesia
• Democracy Guided by the inner wisdom in the
  unanimity arising out of deliberations amongst
  representatives
• Social justice for the whole of the People of
  Indonesia

13
Suharto Regime

• Restores close ties to the US, reenters the
  United Nations, bans the Communist Party
• Golkar-"party
• Repelita I-VI
• Corruption and nepotism, social
  unrest and rioting, supression
• 1975 Invasion of East Timor
• 1997 Asia Crisis rupiah plummets
• 1998 Period of excessive rioting        Mai
  Suharto resigns

14
After Suharto

• 1998 Habibie
• Oct 1999 Wahid (Gus Dur)
• July 2001 Megawati Sukarnoputri

15
Migration within Indonesia

• Flows because of overcrowded conditions. Mostly
  Javanese moving to other islands
• Official transmission program 1969-1989 730000
  families from Java, Bali, Madura to other islands
• Circular migration due to exponential increase in
  motor vehicles and availability of buses

16
Documented labor migration

• Until 1990, mostly to Middle East, but also to
  Singapour and Taiwan
• After 1990, 48 Percent go to Singapour and
  Malaysia
• Unskilled workers, mostly women, 92 of women in
  domestic jobs
• Men to South Korea, Taiwan and Japan
• Problems many cases of abuse in terms of
  overwork, poor working conditions, and physical
  and sexual exploitation

17
(No Transcript)
18
Undocumented labor migration

• world's second-largest long-term undocumented
  migration flow is between Indonesia and Malaysia
• In 1993 half a million Indonesian undocumented
  migrants
• Indonesian workers residing in Malaysia 1.9
  million

19
(No Transcript)
20
Skilled Labor Migration Inflows

• influx of skilled expatriates due to the
  inability of Indonesian training institutions to
  supply enough professionals
• Mostly from Australia, the Philippines, and India
• 100,000 official temporary residents in Indonesia
  in 1995, more than half of them in Jakarta

21
Government policy

• Information to potential emigrants
• Control of recruiters and middlemen
• Elimination of the many stages in the recruitment
  process
• Decentralization of the approval process for
  migrants
• Improvement of the protection of migrants overseas

22
Economy

• GDP 160 billion
• Inflation 12
• Unemployement 6-7
• Income
• Natural ressources (oil, gas, mining, cement,
  timber, rubber)
• Manufacturing (textile, apparel, footwear)
• Tourism
• Disparity of wealth between races (Chinese)
• Corruption 1.9 (10 is the best grade)

23
References

• http//www.interknowledge.com/indonesia/
• http//www.uc.pt/timor/hist.indon.html
• http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos
  /id.html http//lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/idtoc.html
• http//lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy_at_f
  ield(DOCIDid0015)
• http//www.worldisround.com/articles/8854/photo35.
  html
• http//www.canberrasec.net/joycelm.css/thinkquest
  team1/www/majapahitreference.htm
• Country / People / Language / Religion
• http//www.uc.pt/timor/hist.indon.html
• http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos
  /id.html
• Pre-industrial History
• http//lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/idtoc.html
• http//www.canberrasec.net/joycelm.css/thinkquest
  team1/www/majapahitreference.htm
• colonialism
• http//www.gimonca.com/sejarah/sejarah.html
• Sukharto and suharto
• http//www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/indonesia19
  491965.html
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858813.html
• http//www.cbc.ca/news/indepth/background/indonesi
  a.htmlhttp//www.info-indo.com/history/pancasila.
  htm

24
Questions ?