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Converting arbitrary wffs to CNF ... At this stage there is no remaining ... The composition of and a, denoted by a, is the substitution consisting of the ...
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Cognitive Science ... wff3: all(x)(orca(x) = whale(x)) wff4: all(x)(whale(x) = mammal(x) ...
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Identifying Well-Formed Formulae ('WFFs') Semantics (pertaining ... 5 If Chanel has a rosewood fragrance then so does Lanvin. C L. 6 Chanel has a rosewood ...
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wff1: all(x)(robin(x) = bird(x)) wff2: all(x)(kiwi(x) = bird(x) ... wff8: Precludes(all(x)(kiwi(x) = (~flies(x))), all(x)(bird(x) = flies(x) ...
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Validity (Tautology) of a set of Wffs ... Two sentences p an q are logically equivalent ( or ) iff p q is a tautology ... inference is the tautology (P (P Q)) Q) ...
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Place of content language in the ... http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00008/SC00008I.html. EEL 5937. Content expressions ... (equiv Wff0 Wff1 ) Equivalence. ...
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Tautological equivalence: equivalent solely in virtue of the meaning of. the boolean connectives ... Tautological equivalence. Equivalence of wffs. Equivalence ...
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An inference rule, R(P1, P2, ..., Pk) = C, if the. following wff is a tautology: P1 P2 ... that not all wffs are tautologies! 3. You can't add extra premises to ...
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Formal proofs: main way to test arguments. Using 'rules' to syntactically derives wffs ... 2. If the only people in the mansion were the butler and the maid, then the ...
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Title: Redefining Belief Change Terminology for Implemented Systems Author: Stuart C. Shapiro Last modified by: Stuart C. Shapiro Created Date: 7/31/2001 3:37:56 AM
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... frame Ako(nil subclass ... Ako(vertebrate,animal) : %(define-path subclass ... askwh Ako(?x, animal) vertebrate: vertebrate. fish: fish. mammal: mammal ...
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Hypothetical syllogism. The Deduction Theorem. Can be stated as: ... For example, Hypothetical Syllogism is written as (U V), (V W) (U ...
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Title: Lecture 16: Caches and Memory Author: John Kubiatowicz Last modified by: Lotzi Boloni Created Date: 9/4/1996 7:14:34 AM Document presentation format
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What is soundness? For every KB and Q, if KB |- Q then KB |= Q ... Soundness ... show the soundness of the resolution inference rule ...
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Opus Flies and Doesn't : all(x)(Flies(x)= Feathered(x)). : all(x)(~Flies(x) = Swims(x) ... Swims, but the Earth isn't Flat : Feathered(Opus)? FEATHERED(OPUS) ...
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Explorations in Artificial Intelligence Prof. Carla P. Gomes gomes@cs.cornell.edu Module 3-1-2 Logic Based Reasoning Proof Methods Proofs Methods Proof methods Proof ...
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Graded homework #3 is due at the beginning of class on Friday. Graded Homework ... The lexicon: All capital letters (augmented by any number of 'prime' marks) ...
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Horses are faster than dogs and there is a greyhound that is faster than every ... Faster(y,z)) y Greyhound(y) Dog(y) x y z Faster(x,y) Faster(y,z) Faster(x,z) ...
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Garlan, 2000. 17-651 Models of Software Systems. Lecture 1 -- Course Intro 1. Models of ... Question 1: Does the game stop? ...
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Chapter 7: Methods of Inference Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition
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Title: FOL is More Powerful Than it Looks Author: Selmer Bringsjord Last modified by: Selmer Bringsjord Created Date: 11/16/1999 4:17:49 AM Document presentation format
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Variables --- a new type of basic terms, along with names/constants. ... Fitch understands t,u,v,w,x,y,z with or without subscripts. The quantifier symbols: ...
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Language, Proof and Logic Formal Proofs and Quantifiers Chapter 13 Universal quantifier rules 13.1 xP(x) P(t) x --- variable t --- constant term (variable ...
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Predicate Calculus as a Language for Representing Knowledge. Additional ... To invent predicate-calculus expressions with objects, functions, and relations ...
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Describe goal condition using any wff in predicate calculus. Describe world state using formulas ... Becomes unmanageable in realistic applications to express ...
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Frame problem (planning of agent actions) state space situation-calculus ... [Tate 1977] [Chapman 1987] [Soderland and Weld 1991] [Penberthy and Weld 1992] ...
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... prop calc. R : 'It is raining' B : 'Take the bus to class' W : 'Walk to class' Some things to tell our agent ... W ('If it is not raining, (then) walk to class' ...
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Limitations of propositional calculus. Language and its syntax ... This part is based on ... Wumpus. Time could be incorporated as well. 19. Some sentences ...
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Discrete Structures CS 23022 Johnnie Baker jbaker@cs.kent.edu Logic Module (Part 1 ...
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Wumpus world in FOL. 10/2/2004. TCSS435A Isabelle ... Example: Wumpus World in FOL. Situation calculus. Frame problem and variants (see R&N sidebar) ...
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Translation. well-formed formula. Aristotelian forms. tricky points. Proofs. Proofs with ... Well-Formed Formula (wff) 4. Well-Formed Formula. Definition of wff. ...
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Title: PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: jbaker Created Date: 1/1/1601 12:00:00 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Other titles
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Title: PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: carla Created Date: 1/1/1601 12:00:00 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Other titles
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Bat_on and turns-key_on Engine-starts. Wff is unsatisfiable or inconsistent it ... the ... some sentences are true in the world it implies that some other ...
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1. R(s), where R is relation name, s is tuple variable ... 2. 'ith component of tuple represented by s is in relation ... From Relation Algebra to Calculus 1 ...
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Horn Clauses. A Horn clause is a clause that ... P V R is not a Horn clause. Usually written in Implicative Normal Form (INF) ... Language: Horn clauses in INF ...
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... speaking, a calculus is a ... having the same value. Is the English language a calculus? Almost. Elementary ... the general definition of a calculus? Yes. ...
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Claire is at the library unless Max is home. B is a cube unless b is large. Why not for last two? ( section 7.3 and lecture) 8. Equivalences. P Q ...
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MYCIN (probably most famous) treatment of infectious diseases. PROSPECTOR. mineral exploration ... cat(feline) feline(animal) cat(animal) (a,b) (b,c) (a,c) ...
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Collaborate with other agents towards a common goal; ... Express wedding vows as a commitment strategy in a BDI logic! 8/8/09. 28. Complexity Problem ...
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... gets the early lead, and then comes from behind to tie at the end. There must be a tie along the way. Cs173 - Spring 2004. CS173. Strong Induction, another example ...
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TR TU NH N T O Artificial Intelligent
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1. BLACKBOX: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to ... compare with Medic (Weld 1997), which translated STRIPS CNF directly. Act1. Act2. Fact ...
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Foundation Technology and Lessons Learned from Community Interoperability Efforts Prof. Richard Fikes Knowledge Systems, AI Laboratory Computer Science Department
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Or we can say the algebra and the calculus are precisely equivalent to one ... In the domain-oriented relational calculus, we often want to test for a ...
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Translation to Clausal Form. The Semantic Web. Martians Example Revisited... Prove that there is a member of the dancing club who can't jive. ...
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Compact (Crawford & Auton 1996) ... solver compact -l -then satz -cutoff 25 -restart 10. Converting graph to wff. 6151 variables ...
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A sentence is a well-formed formula with no unbound (free) variables. ... If you encounter a quantifier, underline the quantifier and the stuff in its scope. ...
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and many ways to select a candidate clause in the program ... 1: plan_date(Guy, Gal, Food) :- likes(Guy, Food), likes(Gal, Food). 2: likes(tom, sushi) ...
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Propositional logic resolution Conjunctive normal form: any formula of the predicate calculus can be transformed into a conjunctive normal form.
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All students can do all problems. All students can do at least one problem on the exam. There is some problem that all students can do. ...
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This part is based on. Nils Nilsson, AI: a new synthesis, Morgan ... Any wff that has the value True under all interpretations is a tautology (it is valid) ...
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First-order: x [Loves(max,x) Loves(x,max)] Second-order: P [P(max) P(julia) ... (b,x) Larger(c,d) Larger(a,b) xLoves(x,moriarty) xLoves(scrooge,x) Loves(romeo,juliet) ...
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relsat (Bayardo) - dependency directed backtracking: add new clauses ... C-MAXPLAN, ZANDER (Littman & Majercik 1999) Probabilistic planning via stochastic SAT ...
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Models don't have to be complicated things dealing with real properties of real world things. ... Bx: {b} Bx: x is black. a: a a: Homer. b: b b: Otis. Arguments ...
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Multi-Agent Systems. Lecture 3. University 'Politehnica' of Bucarest. 2004 - 2005 ... Two-wise men problem - Genesereth, Nilsson ...
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