Programmering som skrivepraksis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Title: Programmering som skrivepraksis
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Programmering som skrivepraksis
- Ivar Tormod Berg Ørstavik
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Mål for dagen
- Dele en annerledes opplevelse av dataprogram.
- Dele en glede i å se at "framtidas"
skriveteknologi kanskje ikke er så forskjellig
fra "gårsdagens" likevel. - Vise hva programmeringsfaget kan tilføre
humanistisk forskning på tekst og skriving, og
vice versa.
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Plan for dagen
- Analyse av en programtekst i kontekst.
- Hvordan kan programtekster forstås som
komposisjoner som referer til og er i dialog med
andre programtekster? - Kronotop en meget kort introduksjon
- Hvordan bygger programmeringsspråk oppunder
forskjellige kronotoper?
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risvollan
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lerchendal
samf
dronningen
berg
dragvoll
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addressivity
- Each individual utterance is a link in the chain
of speech communication. The utterance reflects
others utterances, and, above all, preceding
links in the chain (sometimes close and sometimes
very distant). The utterance is addressed
not only to its own object, but also to others
speech about it. (Bakhtin 1986 93f).
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addressivity
- Each individual utterance is a link in the chain
of speech communication. The utterance reflects
others utterances, and, above all, preceding
links in the chain (sometimes close and sometimes
very distant). The utterance is addressed
not only to its own object, but also to others
speech about it. (Bakhtin 1986 93f).
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Addressing the past, present, and future
- The utterance is related not only to preceding,
but also to subsequent links in the chain of
speech communion. When a speaker is creating an
utterance, of course, these links do not exist.
But from the very beginning, the utterance is
constructed while taking into account possible
responsive reactions, for whose sake, in essence,
it is actually created. (Bakhtin 1986 94).
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The generalized others texts
- This addressee can be an immediate
participant-interlocutor in an everyday dialogue,
a differentiated collective of specialists in
some particular area of cultural communication, a
more or less differentiated public, ethnic group,
contemporaries, like-minded people, opponents and
enemies, a subordinate, a superior, someone who
is lower, higher, familiar, foreign, and so
fourth. And it can also be an indefinite,
unconcretized other (Bakhtin 1986 95).
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The generalized others texts
- This addressee can be an immediate
participant-interlocutor in an everyday dialogue,
a differentiated collective of specialists in
some particular area of cultural communication, a
more or less differentiated public, ethnic group,
contemporaries, like-minded people, opponents and
enemies, a subordinate, a superior, someone who
is lower, higher, familiar, foreign, and so
fourth. And it can also be an indefinite,
unconcretized other (Bakhtin 1986 95).
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Grammaticalization
- Grammaticalization refers to the change
whereby lexical items and constructions come in
certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical
functions and, once grammaticalized, continue to
develop new grammatical functions (Hopper 1993
18). - The more general the other is, the more the
other resembles words and grammar in language.
Language understood as an ultimate(?)
generalization.
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Chronotope
- The chronotope, functioning as the primary means
for materializing time in space, emerges as the
center for concretizing representation, as a
force giving body to the entire novel. All the
novels abstract elements philosophical and
social generalizations, ideas, analyses of cause
and effect gravitate towards the chronotope and
through it take on flesh and blood, permitting
the imaging power of art to do its work.
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Chronotope
- an analytical category
- the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and
spatial relationships that are artistically
expressed in literature (Bakhtin 1981 84). - not used to describe the entire fictional worlds
as we imagine them. - only used to describe the imagined time-space
relationships or systems that are constructed
together with these fictional worlds in order to
sustain them.
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Chronotope
- The image of man is always intrinsically
chronotopic (Bakhtin 1981 85), - but the chronotope too is always related to
people (Bostad 2004 173). - Chronotopes must be viewed in relation to a
person, an image of man, a participant, a
programme or some other actor(s) that can fill
the chronotope with life and meaning.
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Kronotopene for greske helter
- The heroes have gone through something,
something that did not, indeed, change them but
that did (in a manner of speaking) affirm what
they, and precisely they, were as individuals,
something that did verify and establish their
identity, their durability and continuity. The
hammer of events shatters nothing and forges
nothing it merely tries the durability of an
already finished product. And the product passes
the test. (Bakhtin 1981 106-7)
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Kronotopene i Java vs. Prolog
- Java
- int var 2 var var 1
- Variabler kan bindes flere ganger.
- Skaper flere former for kohesjon
- Skaper en avhengighet i tid og dermed tidslinje.
- beads on a string
- Prolog
- Var is 2, Var is Var 1
- Variabler kan bare bindes en gang.
- Skaper også kohesjon
- Men en langt svakere avhengighet i tid og
egentlig ingen tidslinje. - beads in a bowl
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Kronotopene i Java vs. Prolog
- Java
- beads on a string
- Programmet er helten
- Programmet går gjennom sitt environment run-time.
- Tidslinja skaper et handlingsforløp.
- Prolog
- beads in a bowl
- Programmet er helten
- Noen Prolog program (f.eks. bus.pl) går gjennom
sitt environment trinn for trinn (rekursivt). - Men noen andre Prolog program beskriver bare
miljøet trinnløst (synkront).
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En Einstein kronotop
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Skriving Programmering ?
- Hva kan være skriving? Hva kan være språk? Hva er
det vi forstår som skriving og språk? - Programmering er polyphony in action,
intertekstualitet, kronotopn, et karnevalesk
studieobjekt for dialog. - Og programmering er god, gammeldags kommunikasjon
og dialog og tekst. Hva kan vi ikke anvende i
programmering om det vi har funnet ut om vanlig
skriving?
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Doing program words
- Language is socially constructed.
- Language is populated with the intentions of
others - Actions and perceptions as compositions of
others voices - heteroglossia
- ventriloquism?
- Social interaction or structuresin motion are
seen not only side by side with language, but
also as within language itself.
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Language exerts hidden power, like a moon on
the tides.
- Rita Mae Brown
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