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Example of a phylogeny: 10,000 bp sequence in a globin pseudogene ... Cnemidophorus hyperythrus and C. ceralbensis (Squamata: Teiidae) In Baja California, Mexico. ...
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... chimp))... 5 support ...(human,(chimp,gorilla))... None support ...(chimp, ... consensus tree this would be represented as a polytomy ...(gorilla, human, chimp) ...
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Title: Molecular Systematics & Evolution of Microorganisms Fundacion Tropical A. Tosello Campinas, Brasil September 1997 Subject: Workshop Author
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... data types (e.g., morphological features, biomolecular sequences, gene orders, even distances based upon ... What does lead to missing data? Evolution (gain and loss of genes) ...
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Title: Sensitivity and specificity of HA, HI and PCR for detecting psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) Author: localsupport Last modified by
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Fig. 7-0a - Estrella Mountain Community College
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Systematics Kingdom Genus Species Family Order Class Phylum Plant Zea Z. mays Poaceae Poales Monocotyledonae Anthophyta Plant Vanilla V. planifolia Orchidaceae ...
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I.Molecular divergence is positively correlated with time (Zuckerkandl & Pauling, ... e.g. Hawaii, Canary Islands. 2.biogeographic reconstruction ...
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Towards a theoretical model for the evolution of manuscript ... Too many bifurcating trees (bifid stemmata) = unrealistic. Cerquiglini, 'Eloge de la variante' ...
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A a b c d e f g h I j. OG 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. Sp1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 ... 'Best' phylogenetic depiction is the one requiring the fewest evolutionary changes. ...
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What is the Linnaean System of Taxonomy? Levels of taxonomy: Kingdom, Phylum (or Division); Class; Order; Family; Genus and Species Today, all levels are intended to ...
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One species tree, true gene trees will agree with the species tree, ... But see also the paper (St. John et al.) evaluating early quartet methods on the CS 394C ...
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Macroevolution Part I: Phylogenies
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Warm Up: Hardy Weinburg The IA
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Fig. 26-3 Species: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Kingdom: Animalia Archaea Domain: Eukarya
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Family: Felidae. Order: Carnivora. Class: Mammalia. Phylum: Chordata. Kingdom: Animalia ... Felidae. Mustelidae. Canidae. Canis. Lutra. Taxidea. Panthera ...
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Only contains those monophyletic groups that are common to all competing trees ... Contains monophyletic groups that occur in a majority of the competing trees. ...
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Pour parler avec centra En restant cliqu sur ce bouton En cliquant sur ce bouton Le micro est sur fond jaune lorsqu il est activ
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Slide 1
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Network (Reticulate) Evolution: Biology, Models, and Algorithms. C. Randal Linder ... Paradoxically, I'll begin with non-reticulate evolution ...
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the fundamental issue: characters versus trees. open questions: are trees data? ... in tRNA, protein folding) and codon structure mean primary mutations may require ...
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(These will often be used to represent species or individual ... Wilson's General Rule: 60-80, is there other evidence to support the relationship, be cautious; ...
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Contrary to phenetic approaches, phylogenetic algorithms retain individuality of ... Wiley, E. O., D. Siegel-Causey, D. R. Brooks, and V. A. Funk. 1991. ...
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Trees can be used to describe taxonomic groups ... Orangutan. Mouse. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG ...
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Tree score calculation. Ltot = Ln Wn. I=n. I=1 ... How is the minimum number of steps calculated? Postorder traversal algorithm: ...
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b. c. d. supertree. T. 1. T. 2. 8. Some desirable properties of a. supertree method (Steel et al., 2000) ... max. S. E. T. 1. T. 2. T. 1. T. 2. 16. My mincut ...
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... be evidence for a wrong tree: grouping humans with frogs and lizards with dogs ... Lizard. Dog. TAIL. absent. present. Distinguishing homology and homoplasy ...
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Ordinal, aka orderable discrete ... an ordinal (categorical) variable ... ordinal variables can be changed into nominal variables, and ...
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Tree-searches and tests for phylogenetic signal. Many issues glossed over ... Build a tree by adding taxa to the location that is optimal ...
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Gorilla. Macaque. Rooted Tree. Unrooted Tree. In an unrooted tree, the edges are ' ... Gorilla ..AGCATAGGGGTCAGGGGAAAGGCT.. Human ..AGCAAAAGGGTCAGGGGAAGGGGA. ...
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For example, if phenotypic evolution is punctuational, branch lengths are irrelevant ... Martins, E.P. and T.F. Hansen (1997) ...
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Phylogenetic trees. Cladistic versus phenetic analyses. Model of sequence evolution ... Branch length (scaled trees only): represents the number of changes that have ...
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Parsimony. Maximum Likelihood Estimator. Distance based methods. Clustering. Genetic algorithm ... Parsimony. Parsimony. Character based ... Parsimony Methods ...
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Dog. TAIL (adult) absent. present ... If all kinds of steps of all characters ... Different kinds of transitions and transversions may be more or less common ...
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Models of character state changes (sequence evolution) ... controversial), can invoke a specific model of sequence evolution. ...
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'presence of a dorsal fin' Whales and Tuna form a monophyletic groups ... of changes = 10 (only dorsal fin homoplasious) Accepted Phylogeny ...
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A more powerful approach: Parsimony Ratchet. Generate starting tree ... Parsimony ratchet is better ... Sort of a parsimony Expert System ...
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THE LAST 35 YEARS
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b. c. Aho et al.'s. OneTree. algorithm. supertree. Mincut supertrees. Semple, C., and Steel, M. 2000. ... max. S. E. T. 1. T. 2. T. 1. T. 2. My mincut supertree ...
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DATOS: Alineamiento de secuencias de genes ... Maximum likelihood or model ... clustering with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmatic Mean (UPGMA) ...
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'presence of a dorsal fin' Whales and Tuna form a monophyletic groups ... (only dorsal fin homoplasious due to ?) Phylogenetic Reconstruction Using Parsimony ...
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a reconstruction of the evolutionary (genealogical) history of a group of ... e.g. forensic science. IE68 - biological databases - phylogeny ...
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Network (Reticulate) Evolution: Biology, Models, and Algorithms ... Familiarize you with the nature of reticulate evolution in biology ...
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THE ARTHROPODS. Figure 3: This cladogram shows the most parsimonious tree that was obtained ... Members of the Holt and Iudica (2006) Phylum Oomycota (Clade B) ...
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace Evolution as descent with modification, ... Cassowary AACCACCTCACCATATCCCTGTCCTATGCAATCCCAATTCTAATCGCA. ...
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In this approach, trees are constructed by comparing the ... Assume that a tree is given. ... Do a post-order (from leaves to root) traversal of tree ...
A Brief of Molecular Evolution & Phylogenetics
