Phylogeny Systematics Hypothesis Cladistics Derived character Cladogram Dichotomous Key Order Family Genus Species Common name Scientific name Binomial
In molecular evolution, the studied data are homologous DNA/AA sequences ... Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) (e.g., using MrBayes) Most accurate. Very slow ...
Imagine a store ..how do you know where to find the milk or the cereal? Are they in the same aisle? How is the store organized ? Are all stores similar?
Phylogeny, the evolutionary history of an organism, ... There are three basic assumptions in cladistics: Organisms within a group are descended from a common ancestor.
Phylogeny (7) Science concepts. The student knows evolutionary theory is a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life. The student is expected to:
Elasmobranchs - sharks (360 species in two major groups), skates and rays (450 species) ... Sharks as predators: locate prey in a geographic sense. detect prey ...
polyphyletic origins of metazoa. Syncytial theory. metazoans arose from a ... Polyphyletic: includes species that arose from more than one immediate ancestor ...
Based trees upon total weight of ALL shared, derived characters. Phylogenetic terms ... Most parsimonious placement = one gain of pulley-shaped astralagus ...
Phylogeny Review District AP Biology Session Phylum Echinodermata The only invertebrate, nonchordate deuterostomes Sessile or slow moving Spiny skin Water vascular ...
Phylogeny and Systematics Fossil Formations Dating Phylogeny based on Continental Drift Pangaea Mass Extinctions Systematics Hierarchical Classification Phylogenetic ...
a palm tree representing the plants, a spider, one of the animals, and ... is a micrograph of the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease in tobacco plants. ...
Phylogeny and Systematics Cladistics Analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on shared characters Characters may be primitive or derived Clade = Group of species ...
... Genus & species Leopard = Panthera pardus African Lion = Panthera leo Hierarchical classification system Taxon = a group at any level (plural,taxa ...
Co-orthologs of Drosophila gene AB. Orthologs (Group 1) Outparalogs of Group 1 ... It is not always the most complex model that produces the best result. ...
and Functional Genomics by Jonathan Pevsner Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. ... Was Darwin correct that humans are closest. to chimps and gorillas? ...
Trees can be used to describe taxonomic groups ... Orangutan. Mouse. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG ...
Prior probability: the probability of the event before considering some additional data ... 3. Integrates over parameters instead of optimising over parameters. MCMC ...
Phthiraptera systematics and the antiquity of lice ... Multiple clades of lice on the same host. A. Circumfasciate Head. B. Non-Circumfasciate Head ...
Biology 2: Form and Function Overview of fungi Heterotrophs Extracellular digestion Some fungi capable of digesting lignin Non-cellulose, chitin-impregnated cell ...
Defined by novel homologies. Introduced characteristics called derived characters. Shows evolution of orgs as well as the novel characters which define their grouping ...
... we chose to compare cetacean species with particular ... Sequences were collected and edited for common length on the Biology Workbench 3.2 via ...
Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics Fossils are preserved remnants of organisms that lived in the past Fossils form in sedimentary rock, the oldest fossils in the ...
The best current method (default TNT) fails to reach acceptable levels of ... significantly improves upon the unboosted TNT by returning trees which are at most 0.01 ...
Classification and phylogeny By:Changting Luo What is Classification Classification in biology is arranging living organisms into groups. Reasons for classification ...
Hydras - Jellyfish - Anemones - Corals. II. Animal Diversity. B. Radiata ... Hydra and jellies alternate between polyp and medusa stages; coral and anemones ...
A team at Celera Genomics sequenced by exon-specific polymerase ... The phylum contains four classes (examples), including jellyfish, sea anemone and hydra ...
... notochord Central part of nervous system A hollow tube made up of neurons Extends entire length of amphioxus and jawless fishes Always dorsal to notochord ...
If along any root to leaf path, the labels of the internal nodes on the path is ... species set S, there exists a rooted phylogeny T which satisfies a maximum ...
Animal Classification, Phylogeny, and Organization Chapter 7 Zoology Construct a Cladogram for Us! Gorilla Four limbs Fur No tail Tiger Four limbs Fur Tail Lizard ...
inherited from their common ancestor (homology) informative traits are shared ... parsimony. Use parsimony to build a phylogeny: outgroup? homologies? ...
Classification and phylogeny. Early classification schemes. Fish ... Honeybee: Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus ... How the ...
What is the basis for phylogenies? How does phylogeny link Linnaean ... Amphibian. Bird. Human. Rat. Mouse. outgroup. Ultrametric tree. Branches show time. ...
The analytical study to understanding the diversity and relationships ... Polyphyletic- has several species but not the ancestor (not valid- missing some info) ...