Causes%20of%20the%20Civil%20War

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Causes of the Civil War

• 1850-1861

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Chapter Summary
Section 1 Growing Tensions Over Slavery
Westward expansion reopened the issue of slavery
and how to keep the balance of power between free
and slave-holding states. Senator Henry Clay
proposed a series of compromises to resolve the
crisis.
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Slavery and the Mexican-American War, page 482-483
The Missouri Compromise did not apply to the huge
territory gained from Mexico in 1848. Would this
territory be organized as states that allowed
slavery? This issue was vital to northerners who
wanted to stop slavery from spreading. Wilson
Proviso- Asked congress ban slavery in all
territories that might become part of the United
States as a result of the Mexican-American
War. It never became law, but it scared the south
that it was even proposed.
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 2 Compromises Fail
The Compromise of 1850 and then the
Kansas-Nebraska Act attempted to settle the
slavery question, but the issue of popular
sovereignty only increased the tensions between
the North and the South.
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Democratic Party candidate election and the issue
of slavery The controversy over the Wilson
Proviso led to the rise of a new political party.
Neither the Democrats nor Whigs took a firm stand
against slavery. Each hoped to wind support in
both north and south in the election of 1848. A
democrat candidate suggested letting the people
in each new territory decided or state decided
whether or not to allow slavery. They called
this process popular sovereignty. Popular
sovereignty meant that people in the territory
or state would vote directly on issues, rather
than having their elected representatives
decide. This proposal did not take a strong
stand against slavery, but instead let people
decided. This proposal would appeal to both
north and south
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But Many whigs and Democrats wanted to take a
stronger stand against the spread of slavery. In
1849, anti-slavery whigs and anti-slavery
democrats joined force to form a new party, which
they called the Free-soil, a place where
slavery was banned. A whig and a hero of the
Mexican war was elected as the Democratic
candidate. Checkpoint Why was the Free Soil
Party founded?
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A Bitter Debate over Slavery- 484-485 Gold is
discovered in California. Thousands of people
rushed west. California now has enough people to
become a state. North and South realize that
Californias admission to the Union as a free
state would upset the balance between free and
slave states in the senate. Northerners agued
that California should be a free state because
most of the territory lay north of the Missouri
Compromise line. But southerners that if free
states gained a majority in the senate, and south
would not be able to block antislavery attacks
like the Wilson Proviso. Southern leaders began
to threaten to seceded, or withdraw, from the
nation if California was admitted to the Union as
a free state. Clay comes up with the Compromise
of 1850 to resolve the debate.
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Compromise of 1850

• Stalls trouble
• Components
• California admitted free
• Popular sovereignty in New Mexico
• Tougher fugitive slave law- This angers the
  North! Northerners refuse to abbey it.
• Abolition of slave trade in DC

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Vigilance Committees

• Northern cities swear to protect freed and
  fugitive slaves.
• Anthony Burns example
• Violence common.

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
• Told the story of Uncle Tom, a kind slave who is
  physically and emotionally terrorized by sadistic
  overseer Simon Legree.
• His death and the story shock Northern readers.

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Transcontinental Railroad

• Franklin Pierces initiative
• Gadsen Purchase designed to add remaining
  continental territory as to build a southern
  route from coast to coast.

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Gadsden Purchase
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Quiz 10.2

• Discuss the causes of violence in Kansas.
  Discuss the violence that occurred in Kansas in
  1854.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• To support a railroad, the remaining territories
  need to be organized into statehood for the
  purpose of having the railroad.
• Native Americans need to be relocated
• Stephen A. Douglas emerges to prominence
• Principal of the act If South is to accept the
  Northern railroad route, they must get
  somethingwhat do they get? Popular Sovereignty
  in Kansas/Nebraska

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Slavery in Kansas/Nebraska?

• Douglas thought the idea absurd, it was
  geographically impossible for slavery to exist
  there? So his thought, we need a railroad, so
  who cares if they want to have slaves in a
  northern climateit will die out?
• Result wrong. This became a fury!

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The race is on

• Populate Kansas as quickly as possible with free
  soilers and pro slavery forces.
• Congressional quotes!
• There are 1,1000 coming over from Platte, Co. to
  vote and if that aint enough we can send
  5,000-enough to kill every abolitionist in
  the territory.

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Quotes

• Come on Gentleman of the slave states, since
  there is no escaping your challenge,, I accept it
  on behalf of freedom. We will engage in
  competition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and
  God give victory of the side which is stronger in
  numbers as it is in right.

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Impacts of Kansas/Nebraska Act

• The reopening of the slavery question in the
  territories with almost immediate tragic results
  in Bleeding Kansas
• The president's hope for reelection dashed
• The complete realignment of the major political
  parties
• The Democrats lost influence in the North and
  were to become the regional proslavery party of
  the South
• The Whig Party, which had opposed the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act, died in the South and was
  weakened in the North
• A new Republican Party emerged as an immediate
  political force, drawing in anti-Nebraska Whigs
  and Democrats.

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Bleeding Kansas
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Bleeding Kansas Defined

• The Raid on Lawrence, Kansas. In May 1856, a band
  of Border Ruffians crossed the border from
  Missouri and attacked the free-soil community of
  Lawrence, looting and burning a number of
  buildings. Only one person was killed (one of the
  Ruffians), but the door to violence had been
  breached.
• The Pottawatomie Creek Massacre. A few days
  later, in retaliation for the Lawrence raid,
  abolitionist forces under the zealot John Brown
  attacked a small proslavery settlement on
  Pottawatomie Creek. On Browns orders, five men
  were executed with a scythe.

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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
A new antislavery party was formed, the Supreme
Court ruled on the Dred Scott case, and John
Brown led a raid to protest slavery. Abraham
Lincoln and Stephen Douglas engaged in a series
of debates about slavery.
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John Brown
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Election of James Buchanon

• Northern doughface. Northern (Penn) man able to
  move in Southern political circles

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The most shocking event?

• Charles Sumner is beaten to within an inch of his
  life for slandering a relative of Preston Brooks
  and his pro slavery views.
• Problemthe beating occurred in the US Senate!

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Sumner-Brooks
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Dred Scott

• Scott was transported from slave Missouri, to
  Wisconsin, sued for his freedom as he entered
  into free territory he must be free.

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Impact of Dred Scott

• North outraged
• Slavery rendered possible everywhere, Mo.
  Compromise and Great compromise abolished.
• Slaves now have constitutional protection thanks
  to a vile 7-2 decision led by Southerner Roger B.
  Taney
• Dred Scott was labeled property.

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LeCompton Constitution

• A proslavery constitution thatwas arrived at
  illegally.
• When passed by the pro-slavery forces illegally
  it was backed by President Buchannan! Outrage.
• Even some southern senators insisted on a more
  democratic process.
• Result the constitution was defeated by a 6-1
  margin! Buchannan shamed and humiliated.

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Excerpts

• The legislature shall have no power to pass laws
  for the emancipation of slaves without the
  consent of the owners
• Free negroes shall not be permitted to live in
  this State under any circumstances.

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Senate seat in Illinois, young representative and
  lawyer Abraham Lincoln v. Stephen A. Douglas.

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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John Brown and Harpers Ferry
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 4 The Coming of the Civil War
After Lincoln won the presidential election of
1860, southerners felt they had lost
representation in the national government.
Several southern states seceded from the Union.
The Civil War began when Confederate troops fired
on Fort Sumter.
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Election of 1860
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Election of 1860

• I will say then that, I am not nor have ever
  been, in favor of bringing about in any way the
  social and political equality of the black and
  white race.

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Secession

• South Carolina Dec. 20, 1860
• Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia,
  Louisiana, Texas Feb. 1, 1861
• Confederate States of America
• President Jefferson Davis

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Secession
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Order of secession

• South Carolina (December 21, 1860),
• Mississippi (January 9, 1861),
• Florida (January 10, 1861),
• Alabama (January 11, 1861),
• Georgia (January 19, 1861),
• Louisiana (January 26, 1861), and
• Texas (February 1, 1861).

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The Confederacy
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Border States?

• Lost
• Tennessee
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• Arkansas

• Preserved
• Maryland
• Delaware
• Kentucky
• Missouri

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Challenges

• Missouri-Border Ruffians
• Maryland-suspension of Habeas Corpus
• Delaware-only 2 slave
• Kentucky-losing Kentucky is like losing the
  whole game Abraham Lincoln.

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Antebellum Review 1848-1860

• What are the primary causes of the Civil War?
• What were the key events during the Antebellum
  that fostered the coming of war?
• What could have been done during the Antebellum
  to stop the war?
• Some have argued that the civil war had been
  coming since 1776would you agree?