Disorders%20of%20the%20Cardiovascular%20System

1
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

• SBI3U

2
Cardiovascular disease deaths

• Every 7 minutes in Canada, someone dies from
  heart disease or stroke.
• Heart disease and stroke are two of the three
  leading causes of death in Canada.

3
What is hypertension?

• Increases blood pressure in the arteries
• Effect on the body
• Heart becomes over worked trying to pump blood
  against the high pressure
• Arteries damaged walls become hardened
  (arteriosclerosis) and lose their elasticity
• Blood clots can occur coronary artery will cause
  heart attack in the brain cause a stroke
• Kidneys may be damaged

4
The Risk Factors of coronary heart disease

• ?

5

• Things you cant change
• Family history
• Increasing age
• Gender
• Controllable
• High blood pressure
• Elevated blood fats
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• These you can change
• Poor eating habits
• Response to stress
• Physical inactivity

6
DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Blood
Vessels)

• Arteriosclerosis
• Overtime too much pressure in arteries lead to
  hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial
  wall
• hardening of arteries
• Caused by hypertension, age, plaque buildup

7
Atherosclerosis

• Most common form of arteriosclerosis
• Due to plaques develop on the inner walls of the
  arteries, narrowing their inner diameter
• Fat cholesterol, calcium, and other materials
  form plaque

8
Treating Arteriosclerosis Angioplasty

• Catheter with a balloon is inserted into femoral
  artery and snaked all the way to coronary artery
• Balloon is expanded and stent holds artery open

9
Angioplasty

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfL3Aak_PI-I

10
Heart Attack

• caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies
  the heart with blood thus cutting off supply of
  O2 to cardiac cells
• symptoms ? indigestion
• chest pain
• pain along the left arm

11
(No Transcript)
12
HEART ATTACK (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)
13
Treating Arteriosclerosis Coronary Bypass

• Section of healthy artery or vein from another
  part of the body (usually leg) is removed and put
  in place of blocked coronary artery
• Double, triple or quadruple

14
ANGINA
15
Angina treatment

• Nitroglycerin dilates coronary arteries, allowing
  blood to reach cardiac muscle tissue

16
Stroke

• caused by a blockage of an artery supplying the
  brain, cutting off the supply of O2 to brain
  cells
• symptoms vary depending on area of brain affected

17
(No Transcript)
18
Aneurysm

• occurs as a result of a broken blood vessel
  causing the inner wall of the artery to bulge

19
ANEURYSMS

• Abnormal weakening in artery wall
• Pressure of the blood flowing through the vessel
  creates a bulge at the weak spot
• When the size of an aneurysm increases, there is
  a significant risk of rupture, resulting in
  severe hemorrhage, complications or death

20
HEART MURMURS

• A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard
  during a heartbeat
• No symptoms
• Usually harmless

21

• Heart Disorders
• Murmur
• one or more of the heart valves does not open or
  close properly
• failure to open ? restricts flow of blood from
  the heart
• failure to close ? blood being drawn back into
  the heart
• characteristic whooshing or rasping sound caused
  by the blood escaping from the valve
• most common ? mitral valve (A-V valve) prolapse

22
(No Transcript)
23

• Blue Baby Syndrome
• septal defect is a hole in the septum
• allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix
  in the heart

24
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

• Your heart muscle cannot pump, or eject, the
  blood out of the heart very well. This is called
  systolic heart failure.
• Your heart muscles are stiff and do not fill up
  with blood easily. This is called diastolic heart
  failure.

25
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

• As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may
  back up in other areas of the body, causing fluid
  to build up in the lungs, the liver, the
  gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs.
• As a result, there is a lack of oxygen and
  nutrition to organs, which damages them and
  reduces their ability to work properly.

26
ANEMIA

• Lower than normal amount of oxygen reaching
  tissues due to
• Low number of red blood cells
• Less hemoglobin in red blood cells than normal
• Sickle cell anemia (abnormally shaped red blood
  cells)

27
Blood Disorders

• Anemia
• caused by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin
  content

28

• Hemophilia
• blood clots slowly or not at all
• caused by a lack of one of the factors involved
  in the release or activation of thromboplastin
  from platelets

29

• Mononucleosis
• caused by a virus that can be transmitted by
  saliva, coughs and sneezes
• decrease in the ratio of red blood cells to white
  blood cells ?so more white blood cells!

As many as 95 of adults between 35 and 40 years
of age have been infected
30
LEUKEMIA

• Cancer of the blood or bone marrow, where white
  blood cells are overproduced
• These extra white blood cells are immature or
  dysfunctional, and create a harmful RBC / WBC
  imbalance

31

• Leukemia
• a form of cancer that affects the organs that
  form blood cells
• great increase in the number of white blood cells

32

• AIDS
• (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
• caused by a virus (HIV) that attacks the immune
  system, destroying the Helper T cells, affecting
  the bodys ability to fight infections